The Multi-Scale Response of Water Quality, Biodiversity and C Sequestration to Coupled Macronutrient Cycling from Source to Sea

水质、生物多样性和碳封存对从源头到海洋的耦合常量营养素循环的多尺度响应

• 批准号: NE/J011967/1
• 负责人: Andrew Wade
• 金额: $ 38.67万
• 依托单位: University of Reading
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2013
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2013 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=NE%2FJ011967%2F1
• 关键词: Multi; Scale; Response; Water; Quality

Catchment research has traditionally been focussed on the science and management of water flow and quality. In recent years, achieving good ecological status and compliance with the Water Framework Directive has been a priority. This has been challenging not least because the majority of rivers in the UK are heavily polluted with nitrogen, phosphorus, and a range of contaminants including pathogens and transfers of dissolved organic C from upland areas are increasing. These can be detrimental to the ecology of rivers and coastal waters, be a risk for human health and increases costs of the water industry. Following the publication of the National Ecosystem Assessment (2011) and the Government's White Paper on the Natural Environment (2011), catchment managers face an even greater challenge trying to ensure water resource objectives do not compromise delivery of other functions which deliver a range of regulating, provisioning or cultural services which we all benefit from. Underpinning delivery of these ecosystem services are basic ecosystem processes such as carbon fixation by plants and the return of carbon back to the atmosphere through decomposition (the carbon cycle), the cycling of nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphorus through plants, soil, water and the atmosphere and detoxification of a range of contaminants including pathogens. Much is known concerning the individual carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus (C, N and P) and contaminant cycles, however the coupling of these cycles through the landscape and the subsequent impacts on the natural environment and the services provided are rarely studied. To respond to this gap in our current understanding we will address two research questions. The first is when, where and how do coupled macronutrient cycles (of C, N and P) affect the the functioning of the natural environment within and between landscape units at the catchment scale? The second is how will these coupled cycles alter under land use, air pollution, and climate-change and what will be the effect on water quality, carbon sequestration and biodiversity (three important ecosyststem services) at both catchment and national scale? To achieve this, we will quantify the fluxes, transformations and coupling of the C, N, and P cycles through key processes (net primary productivity, decomposition, nutrient cycling) and quantify the links to pathogen transfer and viability using a combination of targeted field-based monitoring and field- and laboratory-based experimentation in the Conwy catchment supplemented by measurements in intensively farmed areas of the Ribble. The following outcomes are expected:1. Quantification and improved process-understanding of coupled C, N and P processes, transformations and fluxes across soil functional types and within processing hotspots. 2. Quantification of the effects of instream ecosystem function and co-limitation of N/P on eutrophication development in freshwaters.3. Testing of hypotheses that terrestrial and freshwater biodiversity can be explained at the catchment- and national-scales as function of macronutrient flux and primary productivity.4. Source to sea flux quantification and process-understanding of the fate of pathogens and the controls exerted by macronutrients within very fine sediments (flocs). 5. An integrated, parsimonious coupled macronutrient (C, N, P) air-land-water modelling platform, configured for a 1 km grid across the Conwy (i.e. an enhanced JULES model).6. Sensitivity analysis of carbon sequestration, water quality and biodiversity to past and future climate, nutrient and land (forest) cover change to determine the key controls on past and future changes in carbon sequestration, water quality and biodiversity.7. Quantification of trade offs in delivery of carbon sequestration, water quality and biodiversity at the catchment scale and the relationship to land cover type and climate regime.

传统上，流域研究一直集中在水流和质量的科学和管理上。近年来，要确保良好的生态状况并遵守《水框架指令》已成为当务之急。这是具有挑战性的，尤其是因为英国的大多数河流都受到氮，磷的严重污染，以及包括病原体和溶解有机C的污染物的范围正在增加。这些可能对河流和沿海水域的生态有害，是人类健康的风险，并增加了水工业的成本。在发布国家生态系统评估（2011年）和政府关于自然环境的白皮书（2011年）之后，集水经理面临着更大的挑战，试图确保水资源目标不会损害其他功能，这些功能提供了一系列我们都从中受益的监管，提供或文化服务。这些生态系统服务的基础是基本的生态系统过程，例如植物的碳固定，以及通过分解（碳循环）恢复碳恢复到大气中的恢复，氮和磷通过植物，土壤，水，水和大气层和大气层以及包括污染物的范围的含量，包括含有污染物的氮和磷。关于单个碳，氮和磷（C，N和P）以及污染物周期的众所周知，这些循环通过景观以及随后对自然环境的影响以及所提供的服务的耦合很少研究。为了应对当前的理解，我们将解决两个研究问题。首先是（C，N和P）偶联的大量营养素周期在何时，何时何地，何时和如何影响景观单元内和集水区范围内自然环境的功能？第二个是在土地使用，空气污染和气候变化下这些耦合周期将如何改变，对水流和国家规模上的水质，碳隔离和生物多样性（三个重要的生态系统服务）会有什么影响？ To achieve this, we will quantify the fluxes, transformations and coupling of the C, N, and P cycles through key processes (net primary productivity, decomposition, nutrient cycling) and quantify the links to pathogen transfer and viability using a combination of targeted field-based monitoring and field- and laboratory-based experimentation in the Conwy catchment supplemented by measurements in intensively farmed areas of the Ribble.预计以下结果是：1。对耦合C，N和P过程的量化和改进的过程 - 跨土壤功能类型以及加工热点的过程。 2。量化生态系统功能的影响以及N/P对淡水中富营养化发展的共限制。3。测试假设可以在集水区和国家范围内解释陆地和淡水生物多样性，这是大量营养素通量和初级生产力的功能。4。对病原体命运的海量量定量​​和过程理解的来源以及在非常细的沉积物（泡沫）内施加的大量营养素施加的对照。 5。一个集成的，简约的耦合大量营养素（C，N，P）空气水 - 水建模平台，在整个Conwy上配置了1公里网格（即增强的Jules模型）.6。对过去和未来气候，养分和土地（森林）覆盖的碳隔离，水质和生物多样性的敏感性分析，以确定对过去和未来碳固执，水质和生物多样性的关键控制。7。在集水量表和土地覆盖类型和气候制度的关系中量化碳固执，水质和生物多样性方面的贸易量。

项目成果

Delineating and mapping riparian areas for ecosystem service assessment

• DOI: 10.1002/eco.1928
• 发表时间: 2018-03
• 期刊: Ecohydrology
• 影响因子: 2.6
• 作者: L. L. Sosa-L.;H. Glanville;M. Marshall;S. Abood;A. Williams;Davey L. Jones

Spatial zoning of microbial functions and plant-soil nitrogen dynamics across a riparian area in an extensively grazed livestock system

• DOI: 10.1016/j.soilbio.2018.02.004
• 发表时间: 2018-05
• 期刊: Soil Biology & Biochemistry
• 影响因子: 9.7
• 作者: L. L. Sosa-L.;H. Glanville;M. Marshall;A. P. Williams;Maïder Abadie;I. Clark;A. Blaud;Davey L. Jones

Stream metabolism and the open diel oxygen method: Principles, practice, and perspectives

• DOI: 10.1002/lom3.10030
• 发表时间: 2015-07-01
• 期刊: LIMNOLOGY AND OCEANOGRAPHY-METHODS
• 影响因子: 2.7
• 作者: Demars, Benoit O. L.;Thompson, Joshua;Manson, J. Russell
• 通讯作者: Manson, J. Russell

Impact of warming on CO2 emissions from streams countered by aquatic photosynthesis

• DOI: 10.1038/ngeo2807
• 发表时间: 2016-10-01
• 期刊: NATURE GEOSCIENCE
• 影响因子: 18.3
• 作者: Demars, Benoit O. L.;Gislason, Gisli M.;Freitag, Thomas E.
• 通讯作者: Freitag, Thomas E.

Unified concepts for understanding and modelling turnover of dissolved organic matter from freshwaters to the ocean: the UniDOM model

• DOI: 10.1007/s10533-019-00621-1
• 发表时间: 2019-12-01
• 期刊: BIOGEOCHEMISTRY
• 影响因子: 4
• 作者: Anderson, T. R.;Rowe, E. C.;Waska, H.
• 通讯作者: Waska, H.