An individual-based perspective on macroevolution

基于个体的宏观进化观点

• 批准号: NE/J018163/1
• 负责人: Thomas Ezard
• 金额: $ 54.83万
• 依托单位: University of Southampton
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Fellowship
• 财政年份: 2012
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2012 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=NE%2FJ018163%2F1
• 关键词: individual; based; perspective; macroevolution

Consider the weights of the 1500 or so commuters onboard the 07:52 Esher to London Waterloo train service. Weight has many health implications, affecting both life expectancy and reproductive potential. The 18 stone man opposite might not seem an ideal catch for a physically-fit impressionable type if she considers only his weight. If, however, she also sees he is 6 and a half feet tall with an athletic appearance (perhaps he plays rugby), then he becomes a much more attractive proposition.Biologists often attempt to understand the evolution of traits like height and weight on their own. It is not individual traits that survive, reproduce and die though, but whole individuals. If the individuals of a species are successful, then the species will be too. The connection highlights the link between the traits that define species, evolution within species and the formation of new species is a key part of evolutionary biology, but one for which lots of data are rare. To understand it, we need to study competition among species in different environments. We also need to sample individuals in populations over and over again to see how these pressures change over time.Only the fossil record can give direct evidence of historical groups of species and how they have changed over vast periods of time. The exceptional preservation of fossilised planktonic foraminifera - single-celled, sexual organisms living in all of the world's oceans - means it is possible to home in on abrupt or gradual climate change, seeing which groups succeed and, importantly, which groups fail: competition and climate change have very different impacts on the generation of new species and the extinction of living ones. The enviable preservation of whole foraminifera as fossils mean I can sample their fossil record in the same way as scientists sample laboratory experiments to see what drives evolution. In doing so, I will be the first to use real data to test key assumptions on how variation among individuals affects variation among species.Understanding evolution is a fundamental concern, especially in a world characterised by rapid responses to human-induced threats. While there have recently been many theoretical advances in how small-scale trends might map to large-scale diversity patterns, evidence from real data is still largely missing. Macroperforate planktonic foraminifera have survived and adapted to ongoing climate change and rapid global warming before. In each instance, assemblages were much altered after the event as new species rose to dominate their biodiversity. Results spanning local to global scales, from the deep past to the present day, will not only provide new insight into how biodiversity arrived at its current state, but will also lead to new work that improves predictions of its prospects in the future.

考虑一下 07:52 伊舍至伦敦滑铁卢火车服务上大约 1500 名通勤者的体重。体重对健康有很多影响，影响预期寿命和生殖潜力。如果只考虑他的体重，对面的 18 岁石头人似乎不太适合身体健康的易受影响的人。然而，如果她还看到他身高 6 英尺半，有着运动员般的外表（也许他打橄榄球），那么他就会变得更有吸引力。 生物学家经常尝试自行了解身高和体重等特征的演变。然而，生存、繁殖和死亡的不是个体特征，而是整个个体。如果一个物种的个体成功了，那么这个物种也会成功。这种联系凸显了定义物种的特征、物种内的进化和新物种的形成之间的联系，这是进化生物学的关键部分，但大量数据却很少。为了理解它，我们需要研究不同环境中物种之间的竞争。我们还需要一遍又一遍地对种群中的个体进行采样，以了解这些压力如何随着时间的推移而变化。只有化石记录才能提供历史物种群体以及它们在漫长的时间段内如何变化的直接证据。浮游有孔虫化石（生活在世界所有海洋中的单细胞有性生物）的特殊保存意味着我们可以追踪突然或渐进的气候变化，看看哪些群体成功，更重要的是，哪些群体失败：竞争和气候变化对新物种的产生和现有物种的灭绝有截然不同的影响。整个有孔虫作为化石得到令人羡慕的保存，这意味着我可以像科学家对实验室实验进行采样以了解进化的推动力一样，对它们的化石记录进行采样。在此过程中，我将成为第一个使用真实数据来测试个体差异如何影响物种差异的关键假设的人。理解进化是一个基本问题，特别是在一个对人类引起的威胁快速反应的世界中。尽管最近在小规模趋势如何映射到大规模多样性模式方面取得了许多理论进展，但来自真实数据的证据仍然很大程度上缺失。大孔浮游有孔虫以前就已经生存并适应了持续的气候变化和快速的全球变暖。在每种情况下，事件发生后，随着新物种的出现并主宰其生物多样性，组合发生了很大变化。跨越地方到全球范围，从远古到今天的结果不仅将为生物多样性如何达到目前的状态提供新的见解，而且还将带来新的工作，改善对其未来前景的预测。

项目成果

CALIBRATION OF TEST DIAMETER AND AREA AS PROXIES FOR BODY SIZE IN THE PLANKTONIC FORAMINIFER GLOBOCONELLA PUNCTICULATA

• DOI: 10.2113/gsjfr.48.3.241
• 发表时间: 2018-07-01
• 期刊: JOURNAL OF FORAMINIFERAL RESEARCH
• 影响因子: 1.1
• 作者: Brombacher, Anieke;Elder, Leanne E.;Ezard, Thomas H. G.
• 通讯作者: Ezard, Thomas H. G.

Developmental plasticity in deep time: a window to population ecological inference

深度发育可塑性：群体生态推理的窗口

• DOI: 10.1017/pab.2022.26
• 发表时间: 2022
• 期刊: Paleobiology
• 影响因子: 2.7
• 作者: Brombacher A

Genetics of adaptation and fitness landscapes: From toy models to testable quantitative predictions.

• DOI: 10.1111/evo.14477
• 发表时间: 2022-06
• 期刊: Evolution; international journal of organic evolution

Lack of quantitative training among early-career ecologists: a survey of the problem and potential solutions.

• DOI: 10.7717/peerj.285
• 发表时间: 2014
• 期刊: PeerJ
• 影响因子: 2.7
• 作者: Barraquand F;Ezard TH;Jørgensen PS;Zimmerman N;Chamberlain S;Salguero-Gómez R;Curran TJ;Poisot T
• 通讯作者: Poisot T

Temperature is a poor proxy for synergistic climate forcing of plankton evolution.

• DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2018.0665
• 发表时间: 2018-07-18
• 期刊: Proceedings. Biological sciences
• 作者: Brombacher A;Wilson PA;Bailey I;Ezard THG
• 通讯作者: Ezard THG