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Eyjafjallajokull 2010: chronology of magmatic processes and their linkage to unrest signals and eruption behaviour

Eyjafjallajokull 2010：岩浆过程年表及其与动荡信号和喷发行为的联系

基本信息

批准号：
NE/J024554/1
负责人：
Daniel Joseph Morgan
金额：
$ 25.84万
依托单位：
University of Leeds
依托单位国家：
英国
项目类别：
Research Grant
财政年份：
2013
资助国家：
英国
起止时间：
2013 至无数据
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=NE%2FJ024554%2F1
关键词：
Eyjafjallajokull 2010 chronology magmatic processes

项目摘要

The eruption of Eyjafjallajokull volcano in 2010 caused widespread disruption, travel chaos and economic damage across Europe, closing airports, stranding tourists and halting air freight. At least 13 major travel operators went bust in 2010, with the eruption being a significant contributing factor.Whilst many studies focus on the behaviour of ash when injected into the atmosphere, this project is concerned with the magma itself. The Eyjafjallajokull eruption followed over a decade of periodic unrest, with suspected magma movements beneath the volcano in 1994, 1996 and 1999. When it did erupt, the volcano produced a magma that was clearly a mixture of three components, an evolved, sticky magma and two different hot, basaltic magmas, which interacted with and heated up the evolved component so that it could be erupted. Crystals in the magma record the mixing event, by growing zones with different compositions. If the crystals sit in a hot magma chamber, they gradually reset towards a uniform composition. By looking at how far this resetting process has gone, we can determine how long it has been since the zones formed, and by inference, since the magmas mixed. Our initial work looking at these samples has shown that there are multiple mixing events, occurring up to 18 months before the eruption itself occurred. A major mixing event seen in many crystals correlates with the start of the summit eruption, and it is reasonable to expect that new mixing events - representing fresh magma input - would have a strong impact on the state of the eruption. This project will have two research strands, operating at Edinburgh and Leeds, with involvement of the British Geological Survey as a key stakeholder. The role of Edinburgh is to refine what we know about the character of the products, to identify the three mixing components and their properties such as temperature and water content. The role of Leeds is to determine the times at which the magmas have mixed before they erupt, and to then use this to show the series of events that happened in the magma chamber beneath the volcano, both before, and during, the eruption.With this data, we will be able to "date" the mixing events recorded in crystals from throughout the eruption deposit, looking for when magma pulses arrived into the magma chamber, and linking this to the eruptive activity as seen at the surface, as well as the signals that were recorded by the Icelandic scientists monitoring the eruption as it happened. We will then discuss our results with Icelandic colleagues in order to improve our model for the plumbing beneath the volcano, better understand the linkage between magma supply and eruption style and to better relate monitoring signals to magmatic processes.

2010年，埃亚菲亚德拉火山喷发，在整个欧洲造成了大范围的中断、旅行混乱和经济损失，导致机场关闭、游客滞留和航空货运中断。2010年，至少有13家主要旅行社破产，火山喷发是一个重要的因素。虽然许多研究都集中在火山灰注入大气时的行为，但这个项目关注的是岩浆本身。埃亚菲亚德拉火山喷发之前，经历了十多年的周期性动荡，1994年、1996年和1999年，疑似岩浆在火山下方活动。当它真的喷发时，火山产生了一种岩浆，显然是三种成分的混合物，一种进化的粘性岩浆和两种不同的热的玄武岩岩浆，它们与进化的成分相互作用并加热，从而使其能够喷发。岩浆中的晶体通过生长不同成分的带记录了混合事件。如果晶体位于高温的岩浆室中，它们会逐渐重置为均匀的成分。通过观察这种重置过程已经走了多远，我们可以确定自这些带形成以来有多长时间，并由此推断，自岩浆混合以来。我们对这些样本的初步研究表明，有多个混合事件，发生在喷发本身发生前18个月。在许多晶体中看到的一个主要混合事件与峰顶喷发的开始有关，可以合理地预期，新的混合事件--代表新的岩浆输入--将对喷发的状态产生强烈影响。该项目将有两个研究分支，分别在爱丁堡和利兹运作，英国地质调查局作为主要利益相关者参与其中。爱丁堡的作用是提炼我们所知的产品特性，确定三种混合成分及其性质，如温度和水分含量。利兹的作用是确定岩浆在喷发前混合的时间，然后利用这一时间显示火山喷发前和喷发期间在火山下面的岩浆室发生的一系列事件。有了这些数据，我们将能够对整个喷发沉积物晶体中记录的混合事件进行日期测定，寻找岩浆脉冲到达岩浆室的时间，并将这与地表看到的喷发活动以及监测喷发时冰岛科学家记录的信号联系起来。然后，我们将与冰岛同事讨论我们的结果，以便改进我们的火山下方管道模型，更好地了解岩浆供应和喷发方式之间的联系，并更好地将监测信号与岩浆过程联系起来。