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Eco-interactomics: From microbial interactions to the fate of dissolved organic matter in the oceans.

生态相互作用组学：从微生物相互作用到海洋中溶解有机物的命运。

基本信息

批准号：
NE/K009044/1
负责人：
Joseph Alexander Christie-Oleza
金额：
$ 73.56万
依托单位：
University of Warwick
依托单位国家：
英国
项目类别：
Fellowship
财政年份：
2013
资助国家：
英国
起止时间：
2013 至无数据
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=NE%2FK009044%2F1
关键词：
Eco interactomics microbial interactions fate

项目摘要

Greenhouse gas emissions and the growing concentration of carbon dioxide (CO2) in the atmosphere has become more important as evidence increasingly links this to climate change. One of the big questions for science is how plants, algae and other organisms which are able to remove this CO2 from the atmosphere will respond to increasing concentrations and whether they will be able to offset some of this increase.Half of the atmospheric turnover of CO2 comes from land based vegetation and the other half takes place in the oceans. On land uptake of CO2 by plants is balanced by the CO2 released when they die and decompose. In the oceans more CO2 is removed from the air by photosynthesis than is released by decay. This means the oceans can act as carbon stores and one of the main reasons for this is the production of organic matter by the microorganisms in the oceans which subsequently sinks into deeper waters where it can be retained for decades or even centuries. Understanding the marine microbial food web and how this CO2 storage occurs is vitally important as it will allow us to make predictions about how the oceans will react to increasing concentrations of man-made CO2 in the atmosphere and how this could influence climate change. In the oceans, photosynthetic microorganisms, despite their relatively low abundance (under 10% of total organisms) are the main source of food and energy to sustain the whole ecosystem. These organisms release large amounts of organic matter into the water that can then be broken down and used as a food source by other microorganisms present in the water. These degraders will use most of this organic matter, recycling essential elements into new growth. Nevertheless, part of this organic matter will be converted into less degradable compounds that will sink and be retained in the ocean depths. This study will focus on the pathway followed by organic matter through the marine food web, from primary producers to final degraders, until it is converted into these less-degradable compounds, to determine the flow of carbon through the food web and identify who degrades what and in what order. In stable environments, such as oceans, evolution has pushed free-living organisms to lose vital functions in order to use the scarce resources more effectively. This has resulted in a community of organisms dependent on each other. Thus organisms which photosynthesise are dependent on the degrading organisms which feed off the organic compounds they produce and vice versa. This project will look at how this interaction is occurring at the molecular level and will examine how relations within the microbial food web rely on the secretion of natural products. Microorganisms in the ocean secrete an enormous range of compounds in order to modify or exert an influence on their community and environment. The interactions caused by these secreted products can be friendly or hostile. However, the real function and target of the enormous pool of secreted compounds is largely unknown. Understanding the secreted elements will give a greater understanding of the processes and interactions occurring within the marine microbial ecosystem, something which, given its role in driving the marine food web, we still know very little about. Therefore, one of the major objectives of my project is to gain new insights into how primary producers & degraders interact through their secreted products. The study of these secreted products will identify a large array of novel natural products with interest not only for human health (such as antibiotics, probiotics or bactericides) but also for other industrial activities such as fisheries or energy-producing algae plants.This project will provide a much needed understanding of how microbial communities interact in the oceans and how this can influence the retention of atmospheric carbon in the seas and act as a buffer against increasing CO2 in the atmosphere.

温室气体排放和大气中二氧化碳浓度的增加已变得更加重要，因为越来越多的证据表明这与气候变化有关。科学界面临的一个大问题是，能够从大气中清除二氧化碳的植物、藻类和其他生物如何应对浓度的增加，以及它们是否能够抵消部分增加的二氧化碳。大气中一半的二氧化碳来自陆地植被，另一半发生在海洋中。在陆地上，植物吸收的二氧化碳与它们死亡和分解时释放的二氧化碳相平衡。在海洋中，通过光合作用从空气中去除的二氧化碳比通过腐烂释放的更多。这意味着海洋可以作为碳储存库，其中一个主要原因是海洋中的微生物产生有机物质，这些有机物质随后沉入更深的沃茨，在那里可以保留几十年甚至几个世纪。了解海洋微生物食物网以及这种CO2储存是如何发生的至关重要，因为它将使我们能够预测海洋将如何对大气中人为CO2浓度的增加做出反应，以及这将如何影响气候变化。在海洋中，光合微生物尽管数量相对较少（不到总生物量的10%），但却是维持整个生态系统的主要食物和能量来源。这些生物体将大量有机物质释放到水中，然后可以被水中存在的其他微生物分解并用作食物来源。这些降解者将利用大部分有机物质，将基本元素回收到新的生长中。然而，这些有机物质的一部分将转化为不易降解的化合物，这些化合物将下沉并保留在海洋深处。这项研究将侧重于有机物质通过海洋食物网的途径，从初级生产者到最终降解者，直到它转化为这些不易降解的化合物，以确定碳通过食物网的流动，并确定谁降解了什么以及以什么顺序降解。在稳定的环境中，如海洋，进化已经迫使自由生活的生物体失去重要功能，以便更有效地利用稀缺资源。这导致了一个相互依赖的生物群落。因此，进行光合作用的生物体依赖于以它们产生的有机化合物为食的降解生物体，反之亦然。该项目将研究这种相互作用如何在分子水平上发生，并将研究微生物食物网内的关系如何依赖于天然产物的分泌。海洋中的微生物分泌大量化合物，以改变或影响其群落和环境。由这些分泌产物引起的相互作用可以是友好的或敌对的。然而，大量分泌化合物的真实的功能和靶点在很大程度上是未知的。了解分泌的元素将使我们更好地了解海洋微生物生态系统中发生的过程和相互作用，鉴于其在驱动海洋食物网中的作用，我们仍然知之甚少。因此，我的项目的主要目标之一是获得关于初级生产者和降解者如何通过其分泌产物相互作用的新见解。对这些分泌产物的研究将发现大量不仅对人类健康有益的新型天然产物（例如抗生素，益生菌或杀菌剂），而且还用于其他工业活动，如渔业或能源-这个项目将提供一个非常需要的了解微生物群落如何在海洋中相互作用，以及这如何影响大气中的碳在海洋中的保留，作为大气中二氧化碳增加的缓冲器。