Do realignment sites restore microbial biodiversity-driven nutrient cycling and trace gas fluxes comparable to natural coastal ecosystems?

重新调整地点是否能够恢复微生物生物多样性驱动的营养循环和微量气体通量，与自然沿海生态系统相当？

• 批准号: NE/K01546X/1
• 负责人: Kelly Redeker
• 金额: $ 18.91万
• 依托单位: University of York
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2014
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2014 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=NE%2FK01546X%2F1
• 关键词: Do; realignment; sites; restore; microbial

Realigned salt marshes (restored salt marshes on previously developed land) play a substantial and growing role in coastal management practices within the UK. These managed ecosystems have different above- and below-ground biodiversity and community structures, relative to their natural salt marsh counterparts, which leads to differences in ecosystem processes. Saltmarshes play a large role in global climate, nutrient cycling and regional biodiversity, especially given their relatively small area (<0.1%of the planet's surface). They are purported to be significant carbon sinks, although upper marshes can be substantial sources of methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O). Saltmarshes may therefore have multiple, potentially conflicting, effects upon global warming through greenhouse gas fluxes. Saltmarsh communities also affect climate by producing significant amounts of halogenated, nitrogen- and sulphur-bearing compounds, which affect ozone in the lower atmosphere and the stratosphere as well as acting as aerosol precursors. The biological and abiotic drivers of these climate-influencing processes within natural saltmarshes remain poorly understood and/or quantified. This lack of knowledge reduces our capacity to effectively model future climate, nor can we accurately assess the implications of various feedback mechanisms (e.g. global warming on saltmarsh carbon storage potential) upon these processes. All of the questions that arise regarding ecosystem services, biodiversity and connectivity in natural systems remain for modified-by-human systems and, at this time, are generally less quantified and more poorly understood. Our prior research has found plant and microbial community compositional differences between natural and realigned sites. A generally accepted, compelling explanation for these differences does not exist although recent evidence suggests that it is likely to be driven by physical and chemical differences in local sediments, which are in turn driven by physical processes. These changes in biodiversity are likely to lead to functional changes between natural and realigned sites; for instance below-ground biodiversity appears to be affected by nutrient (over)supply within inundation waters as well as aboveground plant community and root structure. Conversely, below-ground communities can directly and indirectly affect aboveground biodiversity by their effect on carbon storage, nutrient cycling rates, and their release of a number of climate affecting trace gases (CH4, N2O, halocarbons and sulfur-bearing compounds).Quantifying ecosystem services for future climate projections will therefore be maximally effective only when combined with an understanding of the drivers of biodiversity, community composition, and succession in natural versus realigned saltmarshes. We therefore propose to quantify trace gas fluxes from a chronology of realigned saltmarshes, with comparisons to local, natural counterparts. Our connection to currently established BESS saltmarsh study sites means that we do not duplicate research priorities unnecessarily yet we expand the intent of the original proposal into an important sub-category of coastal communities that are, as of yet, poorly quantified or understood.

重新调整的盐沼（在先前开发的土地上恢复盐沼）在英国沿海管理实践中发挥着重要且日益重要的作用。相对于天然盐沼对应物，这些管理的生态系统具有不同的地上和地下生物多样性和群落结构，这导致了生态系统过程的差异。盐沼在全球气候、养分循环和区域生物多样性中发挥着重要作用，特别是考虑到其面积相对较小（<地球表面的0.1%）。尽管上层沼泽可能是甲烷 (CH4) 和一氧化二氮 (N2O) 的重要来源，但据称它们是重要的碳汇。因此，盐沼可能通过温室气体通量对全球变暖产生多种可能相互冲突的影响。盐沼群落还通过产生大量的卤化、含氮和硫化合物来影响气候，这些化合物影响低层大气和平流层中的臭氧，并充当气溶胶前体。天然盐沼中这些气候影响过程的生物和非生物驱动因素仍然知之甚少和/或量化。这种知识的缺乏降低了我们有效模拟未来气候的能力，我们也无法准确评估各种反馈机制（例如全球变暖对盐沼碳储存潜力的影响）对这些过程的影响。所有有关生态系统服务、生物多样性和自然系统连通性的问题仍然是由人类修改的系统造成的，目前这些问题通常量化程度较低，理解也较差。我们之前的研究发现自然地点和重新排列的地点之间的植物和微生物群落组成存在差异。尽管最近的证据表明，这些差异可能是由当地沉积物的物理和化学差异驱动的，而这些差异又是由物理过程驱动的，但对这些差异并不存在普遍接受的、令人信服的解释。生物多样性的这些变化可能会导致自然地点和重新排列的地点之间的功能变化；例如，地下生物多样性似乎受到淹没水域养分（过度）供应以及地上植物群落和根系结构的影响。相反，地下群落可以通过影响碳储存、养分循环率以及释放多种影响气候的微量气体（CH4、N2O、卤化碳和含硫化合物）来直接和间接影响地上生物多样性。因此，只有与了解生物多样性、群落的驱动因素相结合，量化未来气候预测的生态系统服务才能发挥最大作用。 自然盐沼与重新排列的盐沼的组成和演替。因此，我们建议根据重新排列的盐沼的年表来量化痕量气体通量，并与当地的自然对应物进行比较。我们与目前建立的 BESS 盐沼研究地点的联系意味着我们不会不必要地重复研究重点，但我们将最初提案的意图扩展到沿海社区的一个重要子类别，而迄今为止，这些社区的量化或理解还很差。

项目成果

The Production and Fate of Volatile Organosulfur Compounds in Sulfidic and Ferruginous Sediment

• DOI: 10.1029/2019jg005248
• 发表时间: 2019-11
• 期刊: Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences
• 作者: J. Wilkening;A. Turchyn;K. Redeker;J. Mills;G. Antler;O. Carrión;J. Todd

Seasonal Dynamics of Methane and Carbon Dioxide Evasion From an Open System Pingo: Lagoon Pingo, Svalbard

• DOI: 10.3389/feart.2019.00030
• 发表时间: 2019-02-27
• 期刊: FRONTIERS IN EARTH SCIENCE
• 影响因子: 2.9
• 作者: Hodson, Andrew Jonathan;Nowak, Aga;Turchyn, Alexandra, V
• 通讯作者: Turchyn, Alexandra, V

Marked Seasonal Changes in the Microbial Production, Community Composition, and Biogeochemistry of Glacial Snowpack Ecosystems in the Maritime Antarctic

南极海域冰川积雪生态系统微生物生产、群落组成和生物地球化学的明显季节变化

• DOI: 10.1029/2020jg005706
• 发表时间: 2021
• 期刊: Biogeosciences
• 影响因子: 4.9
• 作者: Hodson A

Changes in sediment characteristics in the first year of a realigned saltmarsh

• DOI: 10.1016/j.ecss.2021.107684
• 发表时间: 2021-12
• 期刊: Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science
• 作者: Leda L. Cai;T. Helgason;K. Redeker

Creek Dynamics Determine Pond Subsurface Geochemical Heterogeneity in East Anglian (UK) Salt Marshes

• DOI: 10.3389/feart.2019.00041
• 发表时间: 2019-03-14
• 期刊: FRONTIERS IN EARTH SCIENCE
• 影响因子: 2.9
• 作者: Hutchings, Alec M.;Antler, Gilad;Turchyn, Alexandra, V
• 通讯作者: Turchyn, Alexandra, V