Do realignment sites restore microbial biodiversity-driven nutrient cycling and trace gas fluxes comparable to natural coastal ecosystems?

重新调整地点是否能够恢复微生物生物多样性驱动的营养循环和微量气体通量，与自然沿海生态系统相当？

• 批准号: NE/K01546X/1
• 负责人: Kelly Redeker
• 金额: $ 18.91万
• 依托单位: University of York
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2014
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2014 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=NE%2FK01546X%2F1
• 关键词: Do; realignment; sites; restore; microbial

Realigned salt marshes (restored salt marshes on previously developed land) play a substantial and growing role in coastal management practices within the UK. These managed ecosystems have different above- and below-ground biodiversity and community structures, relative to their natural salt marsh counterparts, which leads to differences in ecosystem processes. Saltmarshes play a large role in global climate, nutrient cycling and regional biodiversity, especially given their relatively small area (<0.1%of the planet's surface). They are purported to be significant carbon sinks, although upper marshes can be substantial sources of methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O). Saltmarshes may therefore have multiple, potentially conflicting, effects upon global warming through greenhouse gas fluxes. Saltmarsh communities also affect climate by producing significant amounts of halogenated, nitrogen- and sulphur-bearing compounds, which affect ozone in the lower atmosphere and the stratosphere as well as acting as aerosol precursors. The biological and abiotic drivers of these climate-influencing processes within natural saltmarshes remain poorly understood and/or quantified. This lack of knowledge reduces our capacity to effectively model future climate, nor can we accurately assess the implications of various feedback mechanisms (e.g. global warming on saltmarsh carbon storage potential) upon these processes. All of the questions that arise regarding ecosystem services, biodiversity and connectivity in natural systems remain for modified-by-human systems and, at this time, are generally less quantified and more poorly understood. Our prior research has found plant and microbial community compositional differences between natural and realigned sites. A generally accepted, compelling explanation for these differences does not exist although recent evidence suggests that it is likely to be driven by physical and chemical differences in local sediments, which are in turn driven by physical processes. These changes in biodiversity are likely to lead to functional changes between natural and realigned sites; for instance below-ground biodiversity appears to be affected by nutrient (over)supply within inundation waters as well as aboveground plant community and root structure. Conversely, below-ground communities can directly and indirectly affect aboveground biodiversity by their effect on carbon storage, nutrient cycling rates, and their release of a number of climate affecting trace gases (CH4, N2O, halocarbons and sulfur-bearing compounds).Quantifying ecosystem services for future climate projections will therefore be maximally effective only when combined with an understanding of the drivers of biodiversity, community composition, and succession in natural versus realigned saltmarshes. We therefore propose to quantify trace gas fluxes from a chronology of realigned saltmarshes, with comparisons to local, natural counterparts. Our connection to currently established BESS saltmarsh study sites means that we do not duplicate research priorities unnecessarily yet we expand the intent of the original proposal into an important sub-category of coastal communities that are, as of yet, poorly quantified or understood.

重新排列的盐沼（在以前开发的土地上恢复的盐沼）在英国沿海管理实践中发挥着重要且日益重要的作用。这些管理下的生态系统相对于其天然盐沼对应物具有不同的地上和地下生物多样性和群落结构，这导致生态系统进程的差异。盐沼在全球气候、养分循环和区域生物多样性中发挥着重要作用，特别是考虑到它们相对较小的面积（<地球表面的0.1%）。它们被认为是重要的碳汇，尽管上部沼泽可能是甲烷（CH 4）和一氧化二氮（N2 O）的重要来源。因此，盐沼可能通过温室气体通量对全球变暖产生多重且可能相互冲突的影响。盐沼群落还通过产生大量卤化、含氮和含硫化合物影响气候，这些化合物影响低层大气和平流层的臭氧，并作为气溶胶前体。天然盐沼内这些影响气候过程的生物和非生物驱动因素仍然知之甚少和/或量化不清。这种知识的缺乏降低了我们有效模拟未来气候的能力，我们也无法准确评估各种反馈机制（例如全球变暖对盐沼碳储存潜力）对这些过程的影响。关于自然系统中的生态系统服务、生物多样性和连通性的所有问题仍然是人类改变的系统，目前通常量化较少，了解也较少。我们先前的研究发现，自然和重新调整的网站之间的植物和微生物群落组成的差异。对这些差异并不存在普遍接受的令人信服的解释，尽管最近的证据表明，这可能是由当地沉积物的物理和化学差异造成的，而这些差异又是由物理过程造成的。生物多样性的这些变化很可能导致自然和重新调整的地点之间的功能变化;例如，地下生物多样性似乎受到淹没沃茨内养分（过度）供应以及地上植物群落和根系结构的影响。相反，地下群落通过影响碳储存、养分循环速率和释放一些影响气候的痕量气体，可直接和间接影响地上生物多样性因此，只有结合对生物多样性驱动因素的理解，群落组成和自然盐沼与重新排列盐沼的演替。因此，我们建议量化微量气体通量的重新排列盐沼的年表，与当地的，自然的同行。我们与目前建立的BESS盐沼研究地点的联系意味着我们不会不必要地重复研究优先事项，但我们将原始提案的意图扩展到沿海社区的一个重要子类别，截至目前，量化或理解不足。

项目成果

The Production and Fate of Volatile Organosulfur Compounds in Sulfidic and Ferruginous Sediment

• DOI: 10.1029/2019jg005248
• 发表时间: 2019-11
• 期刊: Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences
• 作者: J. Wilkening;A. Turchyn;K. Redeker;J. Mills;G. Antler;O. Carrión;J. Todd

Seasonal Dynamics of Methane and Carbon Dioxide Evasion From an Open System Pingo: Lagoon Pingo, Svalbard

• DOI: 10.3389/feart.2019.00030
• 发表时间: 2019-02-27
• 期刊: FRONTIERS IN EARTH SCIENCE
• 影响因子: 2.9
• 作者: Hodson, Andrew Jonathan;Nowak, Aga;Turchyn, Alexandra, V
• 通讯作者: Turchyn, Alexandra, V

Marked Seasonal Changes in the Microbial Production, Community Composition, and Biogeochemistry of Glacial Snowpack Ecosystems in the Maritime Antarctic

南极海域冰川积雪生态系统微生物生产、群落组成和生物地球化学的明显季节变化

• DOI: 10.1029/2020jg005706
• 发表时间: 2021
• 期刊: Biogeosciences
• 影响因子: 4.9
• 作者: Hodson A

Changes in sediment characteristics in the first year of a realigned saltmarsh

• DOI: 10.1016/j.ecss.2021.107684
• 发表时间: 2021-12
• 期刊: Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science
• 作者: Leda L. Cai;T. Helgason;K. Redeker

Creek Dynamics Determine Pond Subsurface Geochemical Heterogeneity in East Anglian (UK) Salt Marshes

• DOI: 10.3389/feart.2019.00041
• 发表时间: 2019-03-14
• 期刊: FRONTIERS IN EARTH SCIENCE
• 影响因子: 2.9
• 作者: Hutchings, Alec M.;Antler, Gilad;Turchyn, Alexandra, V
• 通讯作者: Turchyn, Alexandra, V