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Supporting ecosystem services on commercial farms: using evidence to inform land management decisions

支持商业农场的生态系统服务：利用证据为土地管理决策提供信息

基本信息

批准号：
NE/K015419/1
负责人：
Lynn Dicks
金额：
$ 30.33万
依托单位：
University of Cambridge
依托单位国家：
英国
项目类别：
Fellowship
财政年份：
2013
资助国家：
英国
起止时间：
2013 至无数据
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=NE%2FK015419%2F1
关键词：
Supporting ecosystem services commercial farms

项目摘要

This research aims to make recommendations for how to manage commercial farms to support biodiversity and ecosystem services whilst maintaining or increasing yields and profits. Sets of recommendations will be specific to different farm types or landscape types, and will build upon detailed scientific understanding of underlying ecological processes.In the last ten years, scientists have described how ecosystems provide services that are essential for food production, such as clean water, a healthy soil and good climate, pollination and pest control. They are measuring these services and how much they are worth to society, and beginning to understand how important a variety of species and habitats is for providing the services. The big gap is translating all this knowledge into practical advice for commercial farmers. The research takes two approaches. The first approach will develop a sophisticated decision support tool that incorporates a wide range of scientific knowledge, some of it very uncertain, into the cost-sensitive decisions that farm managers have to make about how to manage land. This will compare the effects on biodiversity and ecosystem services of a range of different land management options, including possible crop rotations, interventions to support biodiversity and interventions to increase yield. It will consider the costs (or the available profits) of the alternative options, and produce an optimal strategy that maximises biodiversity and ecosystem value whilst retaining viable profit. When the science is uncertain, the software tool will allow the researcher to find out whether this matters to the ultimate decision or not. For example, if we can't be sure exactly how much pollination of oilseed rape is enhanced by providing nectar and pollen margins, does this make a difference to whether or not farmers should incorporate pollen and nectar margins, given that these margins have a range of other known benefits but involve a loss of yield due to reduced cropping area? Of course, the solutions will be sensitive to the costs built into the model, but these will be developed in partnership with commercial agronomists and will be as realistic as possible.The second approach will develop a package of agri-environment measures to support beneficial insects in a range of different farm types. Beneficial insects provide two ecosystem services - pollination for insect-pollinated crops and some pest control service on all crops. Supporting these services in farmland is complex. Both are delivered by a variety of free-living mobile organisms. The actual insect species involved varies from place to place and from year to year, and the different species need different resources, such as adult food, food for their young, overwintering sites or hunting grounds. The researcher will devise a set of indicator species for delivering these services in orchards, soft fruit farms, arable farms and horticulture. The indicator set will cover all major resource needs and incorporate any specialised reliance on particular resources. For the indicator species set in each farming type, the research will then pool relevant ecological knowledge, including population modelling where available, and expert assessment to produce a set of agri-environment options that provide the appropriate amount and arrangement of resources to support delivery of pollination and pest control from the natural ecosystem.

该研究旨在为如何管理商业农场提供建议，以支持生物多样性和生态系统服务，同时保持或增加产量和利润。这些建议将针对不同的农场类型或景观类型，并将建立在对基本生态过程的详细科学理解的基础上。在过去十年中，科学家们描述了生态系统如何提供对粮食生产至关重要的服务，如清洁的水、健康的土壤和良好的气候、授粉和虫害控制。他们正在衡量这些服务以及它们对社会的价值，并开始了解各种物种和栖息地对提供服务的重要性。最大的差距是将所有这些知识转化为对商业农民的实用建议。研究采取了两种方法。第一种方法将开发一种复杂的决策支持工具，将广泛的科学知识（其中一些知识非常不确定）纳入农场管理人员必须就如何管理土地做出的对成本敏感的决策中。这将比较一系列不同的土地管理方案对生物多样性和生态系统服务的影响，包括可能的轮作、支持生物多样性的干预措施和提高产量的干预措施。它将考虑替代方案的成本（或可用利润），并制定最佳战略，最大限度地提高生物多样性和生态系统价值，同时保持可行的利润。当科学不确定时，软件工具将允许研究人员找出这是否对最终决策有影响。例如，如果我们不能确切地确定通过提供花蜜和花粉边际来增强油菜的授粉，这是否会影响农民是否应该将花粉和花蜜边际结合起来，因为这些边际具有一系列其他已知的好处，但由于种植面积减少而导致产量损失？当然，解决方案会对模型中的成本敏感，但这些解决方案将与商业农学家合作开发，并尽可能现实。第二种方法将开发一套农业环境措施，以支持各种不同农场类型的有益昆虫。益虫提供两种生态系统服务-为昆虫授粉的作物授粉和对所有作物的虫害控制服务。在农田中支持这些服务是复杂的。两者都是由各种自由生活的移动的生物体提供的。实际涉及的昆虫种类因地而异，因年而异，不同的物种需要不同的资源，例如成虫的食物、幼虫的食物、越冬地或狩猎场。研究人员将设计一套指标物种，用于在果园、软果农场、耕地和园艺中提供这些服务。这套指标将涵盖所有主要的资源需求，并纳入对特定资源的任何专门依赖。对于每种耕作类型的指标物种，研究将汇集相关的生态知识，包括现有的种群模型和专家评估，以制定一套农业环境方案，提供适当的资源数量和安排，以支持自然生态系统的授粉和虫害控制。

项目成果

期刊论文数量（10）

专著数量（0）

科研奖励数量（0）

会议论文数量（0）

专利数量（0）

The role of agri-environment schemes in conservation and environmental management.

DOI：
10.1111/cobi.12536
发表时间：
2015-08
期刊：
Conservation biology : the journal of the Society for Conservation Biology
影响因子：
0
作者：
Batáry P;Dicks LV;Kleijn D;Sutherland WJ
通讯作者：
Sutherland WJ

What agricultural practices are most likely to deliver 'sustainable intensification' in the UK?

哪些农业实践最有可能在英国实现“可持续集约化”？

DOI：
10.17863/cam.38138
发表时间：
2019
期刊：
影响因子：
0
作者：
Dicks L
通讯作者：
Dicks L

Linking farmer and beekeeper preferences with ecological knowledge to improve crop pollination

DOI：
10.1002/pan3.10055
发表时间：
2019-12-01
期刊：
PEOPLE AND NATURE
影响因子：
6.1
作者：
Breeze, Tom D.;Boreux, Virginie;Kleijn, David
通讯作者：
Kleijn, David

A horizon scan of future threats and opportunities for pollinators and pollination.

DOI：
10.7717/peerj.2249
发表时间：
2016
期刊：
PeerJ
影响因子：
2.7
作者：
Brown MJ;Dicks LV;Paxton RJ;Baldock KC;Barron AB;Chauzat MP;Freitas BM;Goulson D;Jepsen S;Kremen C;Li J;Neumann P;Pattemore DE;Potts SG;Schweiger O;Seymour CL;Stout JC
通讯作者：
Stout JC

A Transparent Process for "Evidence-Informed" Policy Making