Adaptive management of groundwater resources for small scale irrigation in sub-Saharan Africa (AMGRAF)

撒哈拉以南非洲小规模灌溉地下水资源的适应性管理 (AMGRAF)

• 批准号: NE/L001918/1
• 负责人: Demis Alamirew Ayenew
• 金额: $ 2.82万
• 依托单位: Geological Survey of Ethiopia
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2013
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2013 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=NE%2FL001918%2F1
• 关键词: Adaptive; management; groundwater; resources; small

The volume of groundwater in Africa is more than 100 times the annual renewable freshwater resource and 20 times the amount of freshwater stored in lakes, but its productive use in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) remains low. Global abstraction of groundwater increased tenfold between 1950 and 2000 and contributed significantly to growth in irrigation particularly in Asia. The global area equipped for irrigation has been estimated as 301 Mha of which 38% depends on groundwater, but for sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) only 5.7% of the irrigated area is supported by groundwater.Just as in Asia, rapid expansion of groundwater irrigation may be about to occur in SSA. Although evidence from Asia suggests that groundwater irrigation promotes greater inter-personal, inter-gender, inter-class and spatial equity than is found under large scale canal irrigation, there is a significant risk that rapid development of groundwater resources in SSA may lead to inequitable resource use. There is a need for research to deliver the evidence and appropriate tools to support sustainable resource management and to assure access to groundwater resources by poor people.This research will address the following questions:1: How and at what rate is groundwater being recharged? Deliverable: improved understanding of recharge processes at local and catchment scale; including consideration of influence of land use and water harvesting.2: Can a tool be developed to help decision makers manage the resource? Deliverable: tools developed and tested at local (community) and catchment scales to assist decision makers in managing groundwater resources.3: What are the implications of changes in land use? Deliverable: improved understanding of evidence base for influence of land use, water harvesting and green water flows on groundwater recharge.4: What are the implications of climate change? Deliverable: tools for downscaling climate data and constructing scenarios developed and likely influence on recharge processes investigated.5: How can policy and practice assure livelihood benefits for poor people? Deliverable: improved understanding of issues affecting access to and control of groundwater for productive use in irrigated agriculture.6: What governance approaches are most likely to deliver equitable and sustainable use of groundwater? Deliverable: participatory evaluation of institutional change required at local community level and at national/catchment level to achieve equitable and sustainable use of groundwater in irrigated agriculture.Preliminary research will be delivered over a 1 year period by a multi-disciplinary research team from Newcastle University and the International Water Management Institute together with local partners in Ethiopia, Ghana and South Africa. This will deliver a pilot study and build the research consortium. The pilot study in Ethiopia will address both technical and social/governance aspects of groundwater resource assessment and management from the regional to the local scale. Lake Tana basin has been selected as a suitable site. In parallel, additional exploratory research will be conducted in Ethiopia, Ghana and South Africa. Key stakeholders will be invited to participate in consultations at in-country workshops aimed at understanding current state of knowledge around groundwater resources. Critical knowledge gaps likely to influence design of follow-up research will be identified and in-country collaborators will be commissioned to carry out short term studies. At the end of the 1-year catalyst grant project collaborating scientists representing partners from SSA together with UNEW and IWMI will meet for 3-day workshop in Addis Ababa in order to review lessons learned and agree design of the follow-on 4-year research project.

非洲地下水的水量是每年可再生淡水资源的100倍以上，是湖泊储存淡水量的20倍，但在撒哈拉以南非洲，地下水的生产性利用仍然很低。1950年至2000年期间，全球地下水抽取量增加了十倍，极大地促进了灌溉的增长，特别是在亚洲。据估计，全球可用于灌溉的面积为3.01亿公顷，其中38%依赖于地下水，但在撒哈拉以南非洲（SSA），只有5.7%的灌溉面积由地下水提供支持。正如在亚洲一样，地下水灌溉在SSA可能会迅速扩大。虽然来自亚洲的证据表明，地下水灌溉比大规模运河灌溉更能促进人与人之间、性别之间、阶层之间和空间之间的公平，但撒南非洲地下水资源的快速开发有可能导致资源使用的不公平。有必要进行研究，以提供证据和适当的工具，以支持可持续的资源管理，并确保获得地下水资源的穷人。这项研究将解决以下问题：1：如何和以什么速度是地下水正在充电？可验证：提高对当地和集水区补给过程的认识;包括考虑土地使用和水收集的影响。2：能否开发一种工具来帮助决策者管理资源？可验证：在地方（社区）和集水区范围内开发和测试工具，以协助决策者管理地下水资源。可验证：更好地了解土地利用、集水和绿色水流对地下水补给影响的证据基础。4：气候变化的影响是什么？可验证：5：政策和做法如何确保穷人的生计利益？可验证：提高对影响获取和控制地下水用于灌溉农业生产的问题的认识。6：什么样的治理方法最有可能实现公平和可持续地使用地下水？可交付成果：参与性评估当地社区和国家/流域一级的制度变革，以实现灌溉农业中地下水的公平和可持续利用。来自纽卡斯尔大学和国际水管理研究所的多学科研究小组将与埃塞俄比亚、加纳和南非的当地合作伙伴一起进行为期一年的初步研究。这将提供一项试点研究，并建立研究联盟。在埃塞俄比亚进行的试点研究将涉及从区域到地方的地下水资源评估和管理的技术和社会/治理方面。塔纳湖盆地已被选为合适的地点。与此同时，还将在埃塞俄比亚、加纳和南非进行更多的探索性研究。将邀请主要利益攸关方参加旨在了解地下水资源知识现状的国内讲习班的磋商。将查明可能影响后续研究设计的关键知识差距，并将委托国内合作者开展短期研究。在为期一年的催化剂赠款项目结束时，代表撒哈拉以南非洲合作伙伴的合作科学家将与联合国环境规划署和非洲环境规划署一起在阿迪斯举行为期三天的研讨会，以审查吸取的经验教训，并商定后续四年研究项目的设计。