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Optimizing Road Development for Groundwater Recharge and Retention

优化道路开发以实现地下水补给和保留

基本信息

批准号：
NE/L001934/1
负责人：
Frank Van Steenbergen
金额：
$ 18.2万
依托单位：
MetaMeta
依托单位国家：
英国
项目类别：
Research Grant
财政年份：
2013
资助国家：
英国
起止时间：
2013 至无数据
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=NE%2FL001934%2F1
关键词：
Optimizing Road Development Groundwater Recharge

项目摘要

The research project 'Optimizing Road Development for Groundwater Recharge and Retention' investigates how the fast growing road development programs in Sub-Saharan Africa can become 'inclusive' by securing, and where possible improving, the groundwater sources of the poor. Roads have a major but little researched impact on hydrology and local groundwater availability. The aim of the project is to optimize the planning and design of roads in rural areas for the recharge and retention of groundwater, thus contributing to secure and equitable use of shallow groundwater. This should contribute to better water buffering in view of climate variability (and changes therein) and lead to poverty reduction and socio-economic development (groundwater is important to agricultural production/irrigation as well as for drinking water supply). The volume of road building in Africa is enormous and combining road building in rural areas with managed groundwater recharge can have a major impact on secure shallow groundwater supply at no or low additional cost. The research will take place in rural Ethiopia.The specific research questions concern both social and technical issues: (1) how do on-going road programs impact groundwater recharge and retention; (2) how does the current process of road design affect multi-functionality, equity and targeted poverty alleviation (3) what technical improvements can be incorporated in road design that will help to optimize the impact with respect to local groundwater recharge and retention and (4) how can the process of road development and design be modified so as to be inclusive. The research will try to identify opportunities to augment the availability of shallow groundwater; these could include for instance: (1) taking on-board local women's and men's perspectives/ experiences of roads and their impacts on groundwater (2) carefully planning road alignments, affecting the speed of surface run-off as well at the routing of run-off towards specific infiltration/recharge areas (3) planning cross drainage to impede and direct run-off to recharge zones and on the downstream side of the road prevent gullying; (4) rethinking road foundation/compaction so as not to interfere with the base-flow to shallow wells; (5) considering the use of the concentrated runoff from the road surfaces to recharge and retention areas, including small recharge ponds and (6) carefully constructing road crossings through low causeways or Irish bridges in dry river beds so that they retain groundwater upstream of the road crossing and increase bank infiltration, serving as proxy sand dams; (7) systematically using excavation ponds as recharge ponds and (8) spring capture where roads are made in deep cut. Optimized designs can particularly improve the availability of very shallow groundwater within the suction depth of low cost pumps (less than 7-10 meter). More secure water availability here makes it possible to support local productive and consumptive uses by small farmers.The project is expected to result in recommendations on improved inclusive road development planning procedures (incl. community engagement) - set within the Ethiopian political and institutional context - and suggestions for innovative designs which can be included in existing manuals on Road Design. The research plan in summary is: (a) literature review and scoping studies with the main stakeholders including the communities living in the vicinity of the roads; (b) field research in six location along two road stretches; (c) systematic interaction with the implementing organizations through workshops, reviews and joint presentations throughout the project and (d) dissemination of results. The project is implemented by MetaMeta Research having the overall lead and will look into groundwater management & engineering; Institute of Development Studies into social science & inclusive processes and Mekelle University at hydrogeology & field research.

研究项目“优化地下水补给和保留的道路开发”调查了撒哈拉以南非洲快速增长的道路开发计划如何通过确保并在可能的情况下改善穷人的地下水资源来实现“包容性”。道路对水文和当地地下水的可利用性有着重要的影响，但研究甚少。该项目的目的是优化农村地区道路的规划和设计，以补充和保留地下水，从而促进浅层地下水的安全和公平使用。鉴于气候多变性（及其变化），这应有助于改善水的缓冲作用，并导致减贫和社会经济发展（地下水对农业生产/灌溉以及饮用水供应都很重要）。非洲的道路建设量巨大，将农村地区的道路建设与有管理的地下水补给结合起来，可以在不增加费用或增加费用很低的情况下，对浅层地下水的安全供应产生重大影响。该研究将在埃塞俄比亚农村进行。具体研究问题涉及社会和技术问题：（1）正在进行的道路项目如何影响地下水补给和保留;（2）目前的道路设计过程如何影响多功能性，公平和有针对性的扶贫（3）在道路设计中可以采用哪些技术改进，以帮助优化对当地地下水补给和保留的影响;（4）如何修改道路开发和设计过程，使其具有包容性。这项研究将设法查明增加浅层地下水供应的机会;例如，这些机会可能包括：（1）考虑当地妇女和男子对道路及其对地下水影响的看法/经验（2）仔细规划道路路线，影响地表径流速度以及径流流向特定渗透/补给区的路线（3）规划横向排水，以阻止和引导径流到补给区，并在道路的下游侧防止冲沟;（4）重新考虑道路地基/压实，以便不干扰浅威尔斯的基流;（5）考虑利用路面集中径流回灌和蓄滞洪区，包括小型补给池和（6）通过低堤道或干河床上的爱尔兰桥小心地建造公路交叉口，以便它们保留公路交叉口上游的地下水并增加银行渗透，作为代理砂坝;（7）有系统地利用开挖池作为回灌池;（8）在深路堑中修筑道路的情况下进行春季采集。优化设计尤其可以提高低成本泵吸入深度（小于7-10米）内极浅地下水的可用性。该项目预计将产生关于改进包容性道路发展规划程序的建议（包括：社区参与）-在埃塞俄比亚的政治和体制背景下-以及可纳入现有道路设计手册的创新设计建议。研究计划概括为：（a）与主要利益攸关方，包括生活在公路附近的社区进行文献审查和范围研究;（B）在沿着两条公路延伸段的六个地点进行实地研究;（c）在整个项目期间通过讲习班、审查和联合介绍与执行组织进行系统的互动;（d）传播成果。该项目由MetaMeta Research全面牵头实施，将研究地下水管理和工程;发展研究所将研究社会科学和包容性过程，Mekelle大学将研究水文地质学和实地研究。