STRUCTURAL BASIS OF AMBLYOPIA & STRABISMUS

意义斜视(俗称“斜视” 眼睛“)会影响2%的美国人的视觉功能。 研究旨在阐明细胞内的结构变化。 灵长类视觉皮质，发生于斜视。目标： 下腔静脉层的灵长类纹状皮质、膝状体皮质传入 以平行条纹终止，称为眼优势。这 眼睛输入的分离会产生相关但不同的柱状图 单眼核心区与双眼边界交替的系统 条带。这种功能分割的证据是通过以下方式获得的 眼球摘除、眼睑缝合和视网膜激光手术的效果比较 8只猕猴细胞色素氧化酶(CO)活性的损伤。我们的目标 是为了了解双目立体敏感细胞是如何组织在 视觉皮质。结果眼球摘除术对比度高 IVC层中暗柱和亮柱的图案，对应 精确到眼球优势柱，而眼皮缝线 产生了一种低对比度的黑色细柱图案，与 宽而苍白的柱子。[~3H]眼部注射的脯氨酸表明， 黑柱与睁开的眼睛的核心区相对应 优势列。由于CO的损失而导致的宽大的苍白的柱子 缝合眼核心区和双眼边界内的活动 条带。双眼边界带中一氧化碳活性的丧失表明 这些区域是双目的。为了证实我们的发现，我们 通过制作视网膜来比较同一皮层中不同的一氧化碳模式 激光损伤4只动物。他们产生的一氧化碳模式相当于 “焦点”摘除，尽管激光损伤时对比度较低 局限于外视网膜。皮质暗点中的一氧化碳水平仍然存在 在视网膜损伤后严重抑郁了几个月，即使 另一只眼被摘除。这一观察几乎没有提供解剖学上的证据 支持视觉后地形塑性的概念 去感觉神经。在单一的黄斑变性受试者中， CO显示了眼球优势柱的低对比度模式， 与具有激光感光器的猴子的模式相似 损坏。代谢变化的未来方向分析 活动，发生在眼优势列，其结果是 由斜视引起的视觉抑制。关键词斜视， 视觉皮质，眼优势资助国家眼科研究所，RO1眼科 10217-06出版：霍顿，J.C.和霍金，D.R.，单目核心 灵长类动物纹状皮质中的区带和双目边带 通过对比眼球摘除、眼睑缝合和视网膜的效果 激光损伤对细胞色素氧化酶活性的影响。“中国期刊” 神经科学，18：5433-5455,1998。

Significance Strabismus (also known colloquially as "crossed eyes") affects visual function in 2% of the American population. Our research is directed at elucidating the structural changes in the primate visual cortex, which occurs, from strabismus. Objectives In primate striate cortex, geniculocortical afferents in layer IVc terminate in parallel stripes called ocular dominance. This segregation of ocular inputs generates a related but distinct columnar system of monocular core zones alternating with binocular border strips. Evidence for this functional parcellation was obtained by comparing the effects of enucleation, eyelid suture, and retinal laser lesions on cytochrome oxidase (CO) activity in 8 macaques. Our goal was to learn how binocular, stereo-sensitive cells are organized in the visual cortex. Results Enucleation produced a high-contrast pattern of dark and light columns in layer IVc, corresponding precisely to the ocular dominance columns, whereas eyelid suture produced a low-contrast pattern of thin dark columns alternating with wide pale columns. [3H]proline eye injection showed that the thin dark columns corresponded to the core zones of the open eye's ocular dominance columns. The wide pale columns resulted from loss of CO activity in the sutured eye's core zones and within both eyes' border strips. Loss of CO activity within both eyes' border strips suggests that these regions are binocular. TO confirm our findings, we compared different CO patterns in the same cortex by making retinal laser lesions in 4 animals. They produced a CO pattern tantamount to "focal" enucleation, although contrast was low when laser damage was confined to the outer retina. CO levels in cortical scotomas remained severely depressed for months after retinal lesions, even when the other eye was enucleated. This observation provided little anatomical support for the notion to topographic plasticity after visual deafferentation. In a single human subject with macular degeneration, CO revealed a low-contrast pattern of ocular dominance columns, resembling the pattern in monkeys with laser-induced photoreceptor damage. Future Directions Analysis of the changes in metabolic activity, which occur in ocular dominance columns as a result of visual suppression, induced by strabismus. KEY WORDS strabismus, visual cortex, ocular dominance FUNDING National Eye Institute, RO1 EY 10217-06 PUBLICATIONS Horton, J.C., and Hocking, D.R., Monocular Core Zones and Binocular Border Strips in Primate Striate Cortex Revealed by the Contrasting Effects of Enucleation, EyelidSuture, and Retinal Laser Lesions Upon Cytochrome Oxidase Activity. Journal of Neuroscience,18:5433-5455,1998.