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Atmospheric Wind Evaluation using Spectroscopic Observations of Millimetre-wave Emission (AWESOME)

使用毫米波发射光谱观测进行大气风评估 (AWESOME)

基本信息

批准号：
NE/L012197/1
负责人：
David Newnham
金额：
$ 14.58万
依托单位：
British Antarctic Survey
依托单位国家：
英国
项目类别：
Research Grant
财政年份：
2014
资助国家：
英国
起止时间：
2014 至无数据
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=NE%2FL012197%2F1
关键词：
Atmospheric Wind Evaluation using Spectroscopic

项目摘要

We propose the world's first measurements of atmospheric winds using ground-based millimetre-wave radiometry incorporating recent advances in receiver and spectrometer technology. This remote sensing technique will provide continuous, precise observations of horizontal winds in the stratosphere and mesosphere with unprecedented detail, covering the altitudes 20-70 km where measurements are currently very limited. The equipment will be robust and readily automated for deployment in harsh, remote environments including the Polar Regions where ground-based or satellite observations of winds are extremely limited. This will open up new areas of atmospheric science investigating atmospheric dynamics, circulation, waves, and tides - highly relevant to understanding polar and global climate. Ultimately the proposed observations will lead to advances in climate models and weather forecasting. The technique of wind radiometry is analogous to a traffic 'radar gun'. However instead of detecting a transmitter signal reflected by vehicles, the wind speed is determined from the Doppler shift of rotational emission signals originating from moving molecules in the air. By taking atmospheric measurements from opposite azimuthal directions (e.g. pointing east and west or north and south) the zonal and meridional wind components are determined. While this passive technique works in adverse weather conditions and doesn't need an active transmitter source, it does require accurate frequency measurements that can now be achieved using stable, high resolution spectrometers. Wind profiling using microwave and sub-millimetre radiometry has recently been demonstrated. We propose extending the technique to the millimetre-wave where the Doppler shifts are larger and more readily measured than in the microwave and atmospheric attenuation is lower than in the sub-millimetre region. In our paper study (raising the technology readiness level to ~3-4) we will use computer-based atmospheric simulations and retrieval calculations to determine the horizontal wind profiling capability of a sensitive ground-based 230-250 GHz radiometer deployed at high-latitude locations in the Arctic and Antarctic. We will investigate applications of this observing technique in studies of atmospheric tides and wave activity that can cause abrupt weakening or even reversal of the strong eastward winds at mid- and high latitudes during winter-time sudden stratospheric warming events. These atmospheric processes can lead to strong coupling between the lower and upper atmosphere and are sometimes linked to the onset of potentially disruptive cold weather across Europe. The proposed work is relevant to five NERC research topics and will build UK expertise in millimetre-wave sensing and atmospheric retrieval.

我们提出世界上首次使用地面毫米波辐射测量法测量大气风，并结合接收器和光谱仪技术的最新进展。这项遥感技术将以前所未有的细节连续、精确地观测平流层和中间层的水平风，覆盖目前测量非常有限的20-70公里高度。该设备功能强大且易于自动化，可部署在恶劣的偏远环境中，包括地面或卫星风观测极其有限的极地地区。这将开辟大气科学的新领域，研究大气动力学、环流、波浪和潮汐——与了解极地和全球气候高度相关。最终，拟议的观测结果将推动气候模型和天气预报的进步。风辐射测量技术类似于交通“雷达枪”。然而，风速不是检测车辆反射的发射器信号，而是根据源自空气中移动分子的旋转发射信号的多普勒频移来确定。通过从相反的方位角方向（例如指向东和西或北和南）进行大气测量，可以确定纬向和经向风分量。虽然这种无源技术可以在恶劣的天气条件下工作，并且不需要有源发射源，但它确实需要精确的频率测量，现在可以使用稳定的高分辨率光谱仪来实现。最近已经演示了使用微波和亚毫米辐射测量法进行风廓线分析。我们建议将该技术扩展到毫米波，其中多普勒频移比微波更大且更容易测量，并且大气衰减比亚毫米区域低。在我们的论文研究（将技术准备水平提高到~3-4）中，我们将使用基于计算机的大气模拟和反演计算来确定部署在北极和南极高纬度地区的敏感地面230-250 GHz辐射计的水平风廓线分析能力。我们将研究这种观测技术在大气潮汐和波浪活动研究中的应用，这些潮汐和波浪活动可能导致冬季平流层突然变暖事件期间中高纬度地区强东风突然减弱甚至逆转。这些大气过程可能导致低层和高层大气之间的强烈耦合，有时与整个欧洲潜在的破坏性寒冷天气的爆发有关。拟议的工作与 NERC 的五个研究主题相关，并将建立英国在毫米波传感和大气检索方面的专业知识。