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Satellite TV-based Ozone and OH Observations using Radiometic Measurements (STO3RM)

使用辐射测量进行基于卫星电视的臭氧和 OH 观测 (STO3RM)

基本信息

批准号：
NE/P003478/1
负责人：
David Newnham
金额：
$ 13.58万
依托单位：
British Antarctic Survey
依托单位国家：
英国
项目类别：
Research Grant
财政年份：
2016
资助国家：
英国
起止时间：
2016 至无数据
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=NE%2FP003478%2F1
关键词：
Satellite TV based Ozone OH

项目摘要

The aim of this proof-of-concept study is to determine the feasibility of new remote sensing observations that will capture, for the first time, detailed changes in the chemistry of the Earth's stratosphere, mesosphere, and lower thermosphere on short timescales that cannot be measured using other techniques. Such observations would address major gaps in our understanding of the links between solar variability & space weather, atmospheric chemistry, and the global climate system. The importance of the areas targeted by this project are highlighted by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Fifth Assessment Report (IPCC AR5) which states the need to 'assess climate change impact on - and the role of the mesosphere in radiative forcing of the atmosphere'.Ozone and hydroxyl radical (OH) are important trace gases in the middle and upper atmosphere that respond strongly to solar forcing and, at high latitudes, geomagnetic activity associated with space weather. Energetic particles from space are guided by the Earth's magnetic field into the atmosphere at high latitudes. Important questions about this energetic particle precipitation remain unresolved. These include what are the key chemical changes in the middle and upper atmosphere and how are these changes are coupled to the atmospheric layers below? Following geomagnetic storms, energetic electron precipitation (EEP) into the polar middle atmosphere causes ionisation reactions that generate odd nitrogen and odd hydrogen species, in particular OH. These reactive chemicals take part in both short-duration and long-term catalytic destruction of ozone that modifies the radiative and thermal structure of the atmosphere, affecting temperatures down to the Earth's surface. EEP occurs very frequently and potentially has a more significant impact on the atmosphere than the impulsive but highly sporadic and well-studied effects of powerful solar proton storms. It has been difficult to estimate the effect of EEP on the atmosphere because of the challenge of making measurements of rapidly-evolving atmospheric chemical composition, in particular ozone and OH, at altitudes of 20-100 km.Commercial satellite TV broadcasting is possible due to remarkable advances in microwave electronics, enabling weak signals transmitted over 36,000 km from geostationary orbit to be received by inexpensive rooftop dishes. We propose incorporating the highly-sensitive Ku-band satellite receiver technology in ground-based microwave radiometers to measure ozone and OH. The microwave spectrum of the atmosphere contains information about ozone from an emission line at 11.072 GHz and from OH at 13.44 GHz. Ku-band microwave radiometry will allow precise, quantitative characterisation of these atmospheric signals using the sensitive heterodyne detection technique combined with high-resolution radiofrequency analysis. We will use computer-based algorithms to investigate how ten-fold improvements in receiver sensitivity will allow detailed measurements of the spatial and temporal distributions of ozone and OH. The proposed instruments would be robust, semi-autonomous, and operate continuously making observations that are highly applicable to studies of EEP, atmospheric dynamics, planetary scale circulation, chemical transport, and the representation of these processes in global climate models, ultimately leading to advances in numerical weather prediction. They would provide a low cost, reliable alternative to increasingly sparse satellite measurements, extending long-term data records and also providing "ground truth" data for calibrating and validating scientific satellite data. The work is relevant to three NERC research subjects (Atmospheric physics and chemistry; Climate and climate change; Tools, technology & methods) and will build UK expertise in microwave remote sensing and atmospheric information retrieval.

这一概念验证研究的目的是确定新的遥感观测的可行性，这种观测将首次在短时间尺度上捕捉到地球平流层、中间层和低热层的化学变化细节，而这些变化是无法用其他技术测量的。这些观测将填补我们对太阳变化与空间天气、大气化学和全球气候系统之间联系的认识上的主要空白。政府间气候变化专门委员会第五次评估报告强调了该项目所针对领域的重要性（IPCC AR 5），其中指出需要“评估气候变化对大气辐射强迫的影响以及中间层在大气辐射强迫中的作用”。臭氧和羟基自由基（OH）是中高层大气中重要的痕量气体，对太阳强迫反应强烈，在高纬度地区，地磁活动与空间天气有关。来自太空的高能粒子在地球磁场的引导下进入高纬度的大气层。关于这种高能粒子沉淀的重要问题仍然没有解决。这些问题包括中层和高层大气中的关键化学变化是什么，以及这些变化如何与下面的大气层耦合？在地磁暴之后，高能电子沉淀（EEP）进入极地中层大气导致电离反应，产生奇数氮和奇数氢物种，特别是OH。这些反应性化学品参与了臭氧的短期和长期催化破坏，改变了大气的辐射和热结构，影响了地球表面的温度。EEP发生得非常频繁，对大气层的影响可能比强大的太阳质子风暴的脉冲但高度分散和充分研究的影响更重要。由于在20-100公里高度测量快速变化的大气化学成分，特别是臭氧和OH的挑战，很难估计EEP对大气的影响。000公里的地球静止轨道上，由廉价的屋顶天线接收。我们建议将高灵敏度的Ku波段卫星接收机技术在地面微波辐射计测量臭氧和OH。大气的微波光谱包含来自11.072 GHz的发射线和来自13.44 GHz的OH的臭氧信息。Ku波段微波辐射测量将利用灵敏的外差探测技术结合高分辨率射频分析，对这些大气信号进行精确的定量表征。我们将使用基于计算机的算法来研究如何在接收器灵敏度的10倍的改进将允许臭氧和OH的空间和时间分布的详细测量。拟议的仪器将是强大的，半自主的，并持续运行，使观测非常适用于EEP，大气动力学，行星尺度环流，化学传输的研究，并在全球气候模型中表示这些过程，最终导致数值天气预报的进步。它们将为日益稀疏的卫星测量提供低成本、可靠的替代方案，扩展长期数据记录，并提供用于校准和验证科学卫星数据的“地面实况”数据。这项工作与NERC的三个研究主题（大气物理和化学;气候和气候变化;工具，技术和方法）有关，并将建立英国在微波遥感和大气信息检索方面的专业知识。