Development of a low cost, lightweight imaging FTIR to detect and differentiate between biogenically and thermogenically derived hydrocarbon gas.

开发低成本、轻量级成像 FTIR，用于检测和区分生物源和热源衍生的碳氢化合物气体。

• 批准号: NE/L012413/1
• 负责人: Graham Ferrier
• 金额: $ 5.02万
• 依托单位: University of Hull
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2014
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2014 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=NE%2FL012413%2F1
• 关键词: Development; low; cost; lightweight; imaging

The detection and quantification of methane gas emissions is a critical component of a wide range of environmental science processes and applications. Acquisition of sampling datasets with the essential spatial and temporal resolution and detection sensitivity to address the requirements of the key science questions, climate models and commercial users is a significant environmental challenge and poses a critical market need. A diverse range of researchers, interest groups, commercial and regulatory organisations require the detection, quantification and differentiation of hydrocarbon gases (methane, propane, butane, & ethane) at spatial scales ranging from point source to landscape scale.Identification of the sources and fluxes of methane into the atmosphere is a critical component of climate change research. A significant challenge to accurately quantifying the methane contribution is the spatial and temporal variability in methane emissions of many of the environmental processes, e.g. melting of boreal peatland, combined with the exceptionally large size of the affected areas. Fugative methane emissions are also of critical interest to a wide range of commercial and regulatory organisations. Gas emissions from landfill sites are a common environmental issue faced by councils and the environment agency while fugitive emissions from pipelines are a very expensive and inconvenient problem for many commercial organisations ranging from domestic supply to large-scale petro-chemical facilities.Detection of on-shore microseeps is a key objective of exploration hydrocarbon geoscientists as they are highly indicative of the presence of a hydrocarbon-rich basin. Microseeps are characterised by the emission of thermogenically derived hydrocarbon gas which usually contains significant concentrations of ethane, propane, butanes and condensate. Thermogenic gas geochemistry differs from biogenic gas, which consists almost entirely of methane, providing a direct, remote methodology for microseep identification. This detection capability could also be utilised to quantify the environmental impact of the exploitation of unconventional gas deposits (shale gas & coalbed methane). The volume, composition and duration of fugitive thermogenic hydrocarbon gas emissions from well sites is poorly understood. Continuous, complete, accurate measurements of hydrocarbon emissions over the entire well site could inform discussion of the environmental impact and influence decisions on future developments. All these applications require the acquisition of accurate, continuous measurements of hydrocarbon gas emissions over prolonged periods (night and day) over scales ranging from site to landscape. Current field-based methods for detecting hydrocarbon gas emissions cannot meet the requirements of researchers and users as they are time-consuming, costly and produce very sparse spatial datasets Remote-sensing based methods offer a potential solution however current techniques are either inaccurate (e.g. reflectance spectroscopy) or very costly and impractical (e.g. LiDAR).Currently available imaging based gas monitoring instruments are not capable of resolving the hydrocarbon gases with sufficient accuracy. Imaging Fourier Transform Interferometers (FTIRs) have the potential to detect and quantify hydrocarbon emissions but the current design of imaging FTIRs make them prohibitively expensive and cumbersome for operational deployment by environmental scientists.There is an urgent need for the development of a low-cost, highly portable, highly sensitive imaging system. The aim of this project is to undertake a laboratory-based study to develop, and validate a low cost, lightweight, compact imaging Fourier Transform InfraRed (FTIR) spectrometer with sufficient spectral resolution and radiometric sensitivity to detect, quantify and differentiate between biogenically and thermogenically derived hydrocarbon gas.

甲烷气体排放的检测和量化是广泛的环境科学过程和应用的关键组成部分。获取具有基本时空分辨率和检测灵敏度的采样数据集以满足关键科学问题、气候模型和商业用户的要求是一项重大的环境挑战，也是一项关键的市场需求。各种各样的研究人员、兴趣团体、商业和监管机构需要在从点源到景观尺度的空间尺度上对碳氢化合物气体（甲烷、丙烷、丁烷和乙烷）进行检测、量化和区分。确定甲烷进入大气的来源和通量是气候变化研究的一个关键组成部分。准确量化甲烷贡献的一个重大挑战是许多环境过程（如北方泥炭地融化）甲烷排放的时空变异性，再加上受影响地区的面积特别大。挥发性甲烷排放也引起了广泛的商业和监管组织的极大兴趣。垃圾填埋场的气体排放是地方议会和环境机构面临的一个常见环境问题，而管道的逸散排放对许多商业组织（从国内供应到大型石化设施）来说，是一个非常昂贵和不便的问题。陆上微渗漏的检测是油气勘探地球科学家的一个关键目标，因为它们高度指示了富油气盆地的存在。微渗漏的特点是释放出热源烃类气体，通常含有大量乙烷、丙烷、丁烷和凝析油。热成因气体地球化学不同于生物成因气体，后者几乎完全由甲烷组成，为微渗漏识别提供了一种直接、远程的方法。这种探测能力还可以用于量化非常规天然气矿床（页岩气和煤层气）开采对环境的影响。从井场逸出的热生烃气体的体积、组成和持续时间尚不清楚。对整个井场的碳氢化合物排放进行连续、完整、准确的测量，可以为环境影响的讨论提供信息，并影响未来开发的决策。所有这些应用都需要在从场地到景观的范围内，长时间（昼夜）准确、连续地测量碳氢化合物气体排放。目前基于现场的碳氢化合物气体排放检测方法无法满足研究人员和用户的要求，因为它们耗时、昂贵且产生非常稀疏的空间数据集。基于遥感的方法提供了一种潜在的解决方案，但目前的技术要么不准确（例如反射光谱），要么非常昂贵且不切实际（例如激光雷达）。现有的基于成像的气体监测仪器无法以足够的精度分辨碳氢化合物气体。成像傅里叶变换干涉仪（FTIRs）具有检测和量化碳氢化合物排放的潜力，但目前的成像FTIRs设计使得它们过于昂贵，并且对于环境科学家的操作部署来说过于繁琐。目前迫切需要开发一种低成本、高便携、高灵敏度的成像系统。该项目的目的是开展一项基于实验室的研究，以开发和验证低成本、轻质、紧凑的成像傅里叶变换红外（FTIR）光谱仪，该光谱仪具有足够的光谱分辨率和辐射灵敏度，可以检测、量化和区分生物源和热源衍生的碳氢化合物气体。