Quantitative three-dimensional remote digital compositional characterisation of outcrops

露头的定量三维远程数字成分表征

• 批准号: NE/N007948/1
• 负责人: Graham Ferrier
• 金额: $ 1.28万
• 依托单位: University of Hull
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2015
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2015 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=NE%2FN007948%2F1
• 关键词: Quantitative; three; dimensional; remote; digital

The construction of 3D sub-surface geospatial models of onshore basins is a vital aspect of hydrocarbon exploration and is critically dependant on the information derived from the analysis of geological outcrops and borehole cores. Current field-based mapping methods produce very limited datasets which result in significant gaps in structural information with consequent severe effects on the accuracy of geological interpretation. A wide range of remote mapping methods, at a variety of spatial scales, have previously been implemented to resolve geological composition and structure of onshore hydrocarbon basins with limited success. These remote mapping approaches have used a reflectance-based approach covering the entire solar spectrum (VNIR to SWIR). Reflectance-based approaches have a fundamental limitation in that most of the key mineralogical types found in igneous, metamorphic and sedimentary rocks, e.g. chain and sheet silicates, are not identifiable at these wavelengths. A NERC-funded project, awarded to the applicant, has developed a highly novel, instrument capable of acquiring high spectral resolution remote sensing imagery covering the thermal waverange. This instrument (the MicroFTS) is lightweight, rugged and low-cost enabling it to be deployable in the field on an operational basis. The instrument also has the capability of being mounted in a variety of observation configurations (ground, UAV, aircraft) providing the potential for practical application in a range of fields apart from geology including agriculture, environmental monitoring and civil engineering. The high spectral resolution of the imagery enables a range of key physical parameters to be retrieved remotely directly from the imagery including surface temperature and composition and atmospheric composition. Emission spectra, covering the thermal waverange, have a number of significant advantages over reflectance spectroscopy including the capability to identify (i) a wide range of minerals not detectable in reflectance spectra; (ii) variations in rock fabric and bulk chemistry and (iii) petrological level mineralogical information. These capabilities enable individual stratum to be classified into specific sedimentological facies and diagenetic types using their diagnostic emission spectral profiles. These classification approaches could enable a high level of sedimentary analysis to be automatically implemented at high spatial resolution, over continuous areas from site-to-basin scales. The ability to automatically resolve individual stratum and stratigraphic sections in borehole cores and outcrops at site-to-basin scales would provide a means of correlating stratum across entire basins enabling sequence stratigraphic analysis and key structural data such as fault throw to be determined and incorporated into geospatial models. These new remote observational datasets would not only provide a significant increase in the amount but also produce new types of observational datasets of the key compositional and structural information required by sedimentary petrologists and basin analysts. At the site scale continuous, complete coverage of compositional and structural features, even across inaccessible localities such as quarry walls, would be a significant new data resource. At the landscape scale the increase in the volume, the improvement in the spatial distribution and the continuous nature of the coverage would be equally as important. These new compositional and structural observational datasets would provide a means of significantly improving the accuracy of analysis of hydrocarbon basins at a fraction of the cost of the overall project budget at locations anywhere in the world. The potential market for the proposed methodology is extensive, global and the industry uptake is likely to be significant and immediate.

陆上盆地三维地下地理空间模型的构建是油气勘探的一个重要方面，并且严重依赖于从地质露头和钻孔岩心分析中获得的信息。目前基于野外的填图方法产生的数据非常有限，这导致结构信息的显著缺口，从而严重影响地质解释的准确性。以前曾在各种空间尺度上采用各种遥感制图方法来解析陆上油气盆地的地质组成和结构，但成功有限。这些远程测绘方法使用了覆盖整个太阳光谱（VNIR到SWIR）的反射率方法。基于反射率的方法有一个基本的局限性，即在火成岩、变质岩和沉积岩中发现的大多数关键矿物类型，例如链状和片状硅酸盐，在这些波长下无法识别。申请人获得了国家环境资源中心资助的一个项目，该项目开发了一种非常新颖的仪器，能够获取覆盖热波动范围的高光谱分辨率遥感图像。该仪器（MicroFTS）重量轻、坚固耐用、成本低，可在实地部署。该仪器还具有安装在各种观测配置（地面，无人机，飞机）中的能力，为地质学以外的一系列领域（包括农业，环境监测和土木工程）的实际应用提供了潜力。图像的高光谱分辨率使得能够直接从图像远程检索一系列关键物理参数，包括表面温度和成分以及大气成分。发射光谱覆盖了热波动范围，与反射光谱相比具有许多显著的优点，包括能够识别（i）反射光谱中无法检测到的各种矿物;（ii）岩石组构和整体化学的变化;以及（iii）岩石学水平的矿物学信息。这些能力使个别地层被分为特定的沉积相和成岩类型，使用其诊断发射光谱剖面。这些分类方法可以使高水平的沉积分析，以高空间分辨率自动实施，从网站到盆地规模的连续区域。在现场到盆地的尺度上自动解析钻孔岩心和露头中的各个地层和地层剖面的能力将提供一种使整个盆地的地层相互关联的手段，从而能够确定层序地层分析和关键结构数据，如断层落差，并将其纳入地理空间模型。这些新的远程观测数据集不仅将大大增加数量，而且还将产生沉积岩石学家和盆地分析师所需的关键成分和结构信息的新型观测数据集。在现场规模连续，完整的覆盖组成和结构特征，即使在难以接近的地方，如采石场的墙壁，将是一个重要的新的数据资源。在景观尺度上，数量的增加、空间分布的改善和覆盖范围的连续性同样重要。这些新的成分和结构观测数据集将提供一种手段，大大提高碳氢化合物盆地分析的准确性，而在世界任何地方的总项目预算的一小部分费用。拟议方法的潜在市场是广泛的，全球性的，行业的吸收可能是显着的和立即的。

项目成果

Identification of Multi-Style Hydrothermal Alteration Using Integrated Compositional and Topographic Remote Sensing Datasets

利用综合成分和地形遥感数据集识别多类型热液蚀变

• DOI: 10.3390/geosciences6030036
• 发表时间: 2016
• 期刊: Geosciences
• 影响因子: 2.7
• 作者: Ferrier G