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The Terra-correlator: A computing facility for massive real-time data assimilation in environmental science

Terra-correlator：环境科学中用于大规模实时数据同化的计算设施

基本信息

批准号：
NE/L012979/1
负责人：
Ian Main
金额：
$ 37.93万
依托单位：
University of Edinburgh
依托单位国家：
英国
项目类别：
Research Grant
财政年份：
2013
资助国家：
英国
起止时间：
2013 至无数据
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=NE%2FL012979%2F1
关键词：
Terra correlator computing facility massive

项目摘要

1. Seismic interferometry: Seismologists have traditionally explored the Earth by measuring, analysing and modelling signals generated naturally by earthquakes, or deliberately by man-made sources. Since 2003, several authors derived new methods based on cross-correlation of seismograms that allowed similar information to be obtained in the absence of impulsive events - from the Earth's ambient fluctuations, previously regarded as noise. Current global data sets can be used to produce Earth impulse responses of ~20kB size every two hours, or up to 2TB of output data per day, the bulk of this providing completely new information. This will be done on node 1. The output will then be data-mined continuously and in parallel to extract near-real time information about subsurface changes for forecasting purposes. This requires additional near-real time correlations in time-lapse mode, pattern matching, and other methods of analysis and modelling to be applied on a separate node (node 2), tied to a portal that will ensure such analysis and any forecasts of future behaviour or events (say a volcanic eruption following a seismic velocity change) is verifiably done in advance of the real event time, removing at a stroke perennial problems with retrospective selection bias when analysing forecast quality based on past data.2. Earth system science: (a) A recurring challenge is to analyse direct Earth observation, satellite and model data with data- and compute-intensive processing for uncertainty analyses and parameter-space exploration. The new facility will be used to produce estimates of carbon stocks and fluxes with confidence intervals over the period 2000-2013. Ultimately our UK runs at 1 km2 may be used to generate near-real time analyses of GHG emissions that are likely to be useful for policy makers. The information content of planned EO missions, such as ESA's BIOMASS mission, will also be explored in observing system simulation experiments. ( b) Many of our typical current analyses of the performance of climate models in comparison with the outcome are constrained by reading in data multiple times, due to lack of memory. We will analyse NOAA data to find extreme events at much higher resolution than before of 25km globally, to research the mechanisms and characteristic signatures of extreme precipitation events. 3. High-resolution real time monitoring of deformation and fluid flow in porous rocks: X-ray C-T (computer-tomography) imaging is computationally intensive in a range of applications, but a very large amount of post-processing is required by the operator to tune the resulting image, notably to separate pore space from the solid phase. Time-lapse measurements open up the possibility of tracking fluid flow in fractures or pores, or observing deformation at unprecedented resolution by tracking (cross-correlating) particle movements. Accordingly the infrastructure overhead used in the first two applications will be used to make such analysis possible in a 'live' experiment, in support of on-going experimental and modelling work in rock physics, initially focussed on carbonates.

1. 地震干涉测量：地震学家传统上通过测量、分析和建模地震自然产生的信号或人为源产生的信号来探索地球。自 2003 年以来，几位作者基于地震图的互相关推导了新方法，允许在没有脉冲事件的情况下获得类似的信息 - 来自地球的环境波动，以前被视为噪声。当前的全球数据集可用于产生每两小时约 20kB 大小的地球脉冲响应，或每天高达 2TB 的输出数据，其中大部分提供全新信息。这将在节点 1 上完成。然后将连续并行地对输出进行数据挖掘，以提取有关地下变化的近实时信息以用于预测目的。这需要在延时模式、模式匹配和其他分析和建模方法中进行额外的近实时相关性，应用于单独的节点（节点 2），绑定到门户，以确保此类分析和对未来行为或事件（例如地震速度变化后的火山喷发）的任何预测在真实事件时间之前可验证，从而通过回顾性选择一次性消除常年存在的问题根据过去的数据分析预测质量时存在偏差。2．地球系统科学： (a) 一个反复出现的挑战是通过数据和计算密集型处理来分析直接地球观测、卫星和模型数据，以进行不确定性分析和参数空间探索。新设施将用于对 2000-2013 年期间的碳储量和通量进行置信区间估算。最终，我们英国的 1 平方公里运行可用于生成温室气体排放的近实时分析，这可能对政策制定者有用。计划中的 EO 任务（例如 ESA 的 BIOMASS 任务）的信息内容也将在观测系统模拟实验中进行探索。 (b) 由于缺乏记忆，我们目前对气候模型性能与结果进行比较的许多典型分析都受到多次读取数据的限制。我们将分析NOAA数据，以比以前更高的全球25公里分辨率发现极端事件，研究极端降水事件的机制和特征。 3. 多孔岩石变形和流体流动的高分辨率实时监测：X射线C-T（计算机断层扫描）成像在一系列应用中计算量很大，但操作员需要进行大量的后处理来调整所得图像，特别是将孔隙空间与固相分离。延时测量开启了跟踪裂缝或孔隙中的流体流动，或通过跟踪（交叉关联）颗粒运动以前所未有的分辨率观察变形的可能性。因此，前两个应用程序中使用的基础设施开销将用于在“现场”实验中进行此类分析，以支持岩石物理学中正在进行的实验和建模工作，最初侧重于碳酸盐。