SoilBioHedge: harnessing hedgerow soil biodiversity for restoration of arable soil quality and resilience to climatic extremes and land use changes

SoilBioHedge：利用树篱土壤生物多样性恢复耕地土壤质量和抵御极端气候和土地利用变化的能力

• 批准号: NE/M017079/1
• 负责人: Joseph Holden
• 金额: $ 70.81万
• 依托单位: University of Leeds
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2015
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2015 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=NE%2FM017079%2F1
• 关键词: SoilBioHedge; harnessing; hedgerow; soil; biodiversity

Only 30% of Earth's surface is land, only 9% is cultivated, and there is little scope for future expansion. The supply of water and nutrients from soil to crops in approximately 7800 km3 of topsoil (to 0.5 m) currently sustains 7 billion humans. This soil resource is the essential foundation of arable farming on which plant production for food, fiber and biofuels, and ultimately the entire global economy depends. How we manage this vital, life sustaining, resource will determine the quality of life and Earth's carrying capacity for future generations. SoilBioHedge addresses the central problem for soil security: continuous conventional arable cultivation depletes soil organic matter, degrades soil structure, reduces water drainage and water holding capacity, and increases the susceptibility of soil and crops to the impacts of climatic stress through decreased resilience to flood and drought conditions.We will test our central hypothesis: grass-clover leys sown into arable fields and connected to hedgerows and unploughed grassy margins enable key ecosystem-engineers (earthworms and mycorrhizal fungi) to recolonize the fields, restoring and improving soil quality compared to leys unconnected to field margins. We will determine for the first time the importance of connectivity from biodiversity refugia under hedgerows to arable fields via grass-clover leys in restoring functional biodiversity. We will quantify soil quality as functional benefits from soil-organism interactions: increases in soil organic matter, water-stable macroaggregates, water holding capacity, infiltration rates, drought and flood resilience, and resulting crop yields. We will quantify the operational temporal and spatial scales for ecosystem engineers (grass-clover roots, AM fungi, and earthworms) and soil functions to synergistically develop with land use and management change. We will transform mechanistic understanding of soil structure dynamics by combined metabolomics and metagenomic analyses tracking soil aggregate formation over 3 growing seasons. Our research design includes three nested scales of observation. 1) Hedge-to-Field Experiments at Leeds U. farm to quantify spatial/temporal changes in soil functions and biodiversity, arising from arable-to-ley conversion strips that are disconnected or connected to the field margin, and across a whole field converted to arable in 2012, and ley-to-arable conversion using conventional vs. minimal tillage strips and a field that converted to ley in 2009. Monolith mesocosm studies will use turf blocks removed from the experimental plots, treated with herbicide and direct drilled with wheat. We will compare crop yields between the field and monoliths maintained at near-ambient conditions, under simulated drought and excess rainfall causing flooding. The results will quantify soil quality and the resilience of the crop and soil organisms and functions to these stresses. 2) Landscape-Scale Hedge-to-Field Transects will quantify soil functional changes on long-term arable fields and pairs of arable fields converted to ley over 2 differing time scales. We will utilize our network of >100 farms that provide a range of soil types, and management (conventional, organic, and minimal tillage). 3) Field-to-Landscape Scale mathematical modelling to establish an integrative and predictive spatiotemporal model of soil quality change at field-to-landscape-scale, including the role of dispersal of hedgerow and field margin biodiversity into arable land resulting from land use and management change involving leys. We will integrate mechanistic understanding of soil aggregation and carbon accumulation through the synergistic actions of roots, AM, and earthworms from our experiments and landscape-scale transect observations with existing Countryside Survey data and national digital soil map, to deliver a step-change in understanding for sustainable soil management policy and practice.

地球表面只有30%是陆地，只有9%是耕地，未来扩张的空间很小。目前，约7800立方公里表层土（至0.5米）中的土壤向农作物提供的水和养分维持着70亿人的生活。这种土壤资源是可耕地农业的重要基础，粮食、纤维和生物燃料的植物生产，最终是整个全球经济的基础。我们如何管理这一至关重要的、维持生命的资源将决定未来几代人的生活质量和地球的承载能力。SoilBioHedge解决了土壤安全的核心问题：连续的常规耕作会耗尽土壤有机质，破坏土壤结构，降低排水和持水能力，并通过降低对洪水和干旱条件的恢复能力，增加土壤和作物对气候压力影响的敏感性。我们将测试我们的核心假设：与不与田边相连的牧草地相比，种植在可耕地上并与树篱和未开垦的草缘相连的牧草地使关键的生态系统工程师（蚯蚓和菌根真菌）能够使农田土壤化，恢复和改善土壤质量。我们将第一次确定在恢复功能性生物多样性方面，从灌木树篱下的生物多样性避难所到通过草三叶草的耕地的连通性的重要性。我们将量化土壤质量作为土壤-生物相互作用的功能效益：土壤有机质，水稳定性大团聚体，持水能力，渗透率，干旱和洪水恢复力以及由此产生的作物产量的增加。我们将量化生态系统工程师（草苜蓿根，AM真菌和蚯蚓）和土壤功能的操作时间和空间尺度，以协同发展与土地利用和管理变化。我们将通过代谢组学和宏基因组学分析相结合，跟踪3个生长季节的土壤团聚体形成，从而改变对土壤结构动态的机械理解。我们的研究设计包括三个嵌套的观察尺度。1)利兹大学的树篱-田地实验。农场量化土壤功能和生物多样性的空间/时间变化，这些变化是由与田地边缘断开或连接的耕地到耕地的转换带引起的，在2012年整个田地转换为耕地，以及使用传统与最小耕作带和2009年转换为耕地的田地的耕地到耕地的转换。整体围隔生态系统研究将使用从实验地块中取出的草皮块，用除草剂处理并直接用小麦钻孔。我们将比较在模拟干旱和过量降雨导致洪水的情况下，在接近环境条件下保持的田地和整料之间的作物产量。研究结果将量化土壤质量以及作物和土壤生物对这些压力的恢复力和功能。2)景观尺度的树篱-农田样带将量化长期耕地和在2个不同时间尺度上转换为草地的成对耕地的土壤功能变化。我们将利用我们超过100个农场的网络，提供一系列土壤类型和管理（传统，有机和最小耕作）。3)田间-景观尺度数学建模，建立田间-植被尺度土壤质量变化的综合性和预测性时空模型，包括土地利用和管理变化引起的绿篱和田间边缘生物多样性向耕地的扩散作用。我们将通过根，AM和蚯蚓的协同作用，从我们的实验和大规模的样带观察与现有的农村调查数据和国家数字土壤图整合土壤聚集和碳积累的机械理解，以实现可持续土壤管理政策和实践的理解的一步变化。

项目成果

Soil quality regeneration by grass-clover leys in arable rotations compared to permanent grassland: Effects on wheat yield and resilience to drought and flooding

• DOI: 10.1016/j.still.2021.105037
• 发表时间: 2021-05-08
• 期刊: SOIL & TILLAGE RESEARCH
• 影响因子: 6.5
• 作者: Berdeni，Despina;Turner，Anthony;Leake，Jonathan R.
• 通讯作者: Leake，Jonathan R.

Arable fields as potential reservoirs of biodiversity: Earthworm populations increase in new leys.

耕地作为生物多样性的潜在库：新地里的蚯蚓数量增加。

• DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.147880
• 发表时间: 2021
• 期刊: The Science of the total environment
• 作者: Prendergast-Miller MT

Soil macroaggregation drives sequestration of organic carbon and nitrogen with three-year grass-clover leys in arable rotations.

土壤宏观团聚驱动三年草三叶草地在耕地轮作中封存有机碳和氮。

• DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.158358
• 发表时间: 2022
• 期刊: The Science of the total environment
• 作者: Guest EJ

Effects of winter wheat and endogeic earthworms on soil physical and hydraulic properties

冬小麦和内生蚯蚓对土壤物理和水力性质的影响

• DOI: 10.1016/j.geoderma.2021.115126
• 发表时间: 2021
• 期刊: Geoderma
• 影响因子: 6.1
• 作者: Hallam J

The role of hedgerows in soil functioning within agricultural landscapes

• DOI: 10.1016/j.agee.2018.11.027
• 发表时间: 2019-03-01
• 期刊: AGRICULTURE ECOSYSTEMS & ENVIRONMENT
• 影响因子: 6.6
• 作者: Holden, J.;Grayson, R. P.;Leake, J. R.
• 通讯作者: Leake, J. R.