Monitoring Magmatism and Intrusion from the Bardabunga Volcano, Iceland

监测冰岛巴达本加火山的岩浆活动和入侵

• 批准号: NE/M017427/1
• 负责人: Robert White
• 金额: $ 6.63万
• 依托单位: University of Cambridge
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2014
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2014 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=NE%2FM017427%2F1
• 关键词: Monitoring; Magmatism; Intrusion; Bardabunga; Volcano

An eruption in Iceland has presented a unique opportunity to monitor the lateral movement and eventual eruption of melt using a network of seismometers deployed directly above and around the volcanic system. An intense earthquake swarm began on 2014 August 16 at Bardarbunga central volcano in Central Iceland under the Vatnajokull ice cap, which has continued to be very active. It then produced a dyke which travelled northwards over 45 km towards the Askja volcanic system at aproximate depths of 6-12 km and produced a small fissure eruption near its tip on 2014 August 29. GPS measurements show continued movement of the rift and suggest that about 400 million cubic metres of magma has already been injected into the dyke and that melt continues to flow into it. So continued activity is likely, probably for many months.This is a significant magmatic and tectonic event. In terms of seismicity, volumes of melt and displacements involved only two events in Iceland during recent decades are comparable to this one. These are the Gjálp eruption in the Bárdarbunga area in 1996 and the Krafla rifting episode of 1975-1989. The presently propagating dyke is equalled only by the initial dyke in the Krafla sequence of dykes. Possibly we are witnessing the intial phase of a major rifting episode on the scale of the Krafla volvcanism and the similar episode that began in Afar in 2005.The Cambridge research group is uniquely well placed to monitor this tectono-magmatic event. We already have a wide array of 50 broad-band seismometers operating around Vatnajokull and the Askja volcanic system and had 15 SEIS-UK seismometers sitting in Reykjavik. For good depth control and constraint on the cracking and failures causing microseismicity it is important to have seismic sensors directly above the activity. Unusually and importantly we are in a superb position to monitor simultaneously both the source of the melt in the Bardabunga volcano and its transit and emergence along the lateral dyke flowing northwards along the rift system.We don't know how this magmatic-rifting event will develop, but it is likely to continue for many months because there is so much molten rock sitting at a shallow crustal level. We will run 15 extra seismometers through the next 12 months to obtain a continuous record throughout the entire tectono-magmatic episode.

冰岛的一次火山爆发提供了一个独特的机会，可以利用直接部署在火山系统上方和周围的地震仪网络来监测熔体的横向运动和最终喷发。2014年8月16日，冰岛中部的巴达本加火山在瓦特纳冰盖下发生了强烈的地震群，该火山一直非常活跃。然后，它产生了一个向北移动超过45公里的堤坝，朝向Askja火山系统，大约6-12公里深，并于2014年8月29日在其尖端附近产生了一个小裂缝喷发。GPS测量显示，裂谷仍在继续移动，并表明大约4亿立方米的岩浆已经注入堤坝，熔融物继续流入堤坝。因此，活动可能会持续数月。这是一次重大的岩浆和构造事件。就地震活动性而言，冰岛近几十年来只有两次地震所涉及的融化和位移量与这次地震相当。这些是1996年Bárdarbunga地区的Gjálp喷发和1975-1989年的Krafla裂谷事件。目前正在传播的岩墙，只有在Krafla岩墙序列的初始岩墙相等。可能我们正在目睹一个大裂谷幕的初始阶段，其规模与克拉弗拉火山作用和2005年在阿法尔开始的类似幕相当。剑桥研究小组处于独特的有利位置，可以监测这一构造-岩浆事件。我们已经在瓦特纳冰川和阿斯卡亚火山系统周围部署了50个宽带地震仪，并在雷克雅未克部署了15个SEIS-UK地震仪。为了良好的深度控制和限制裂缝和故障引起的微震活动，重要的是要有地震传感器直接上方的活动。不同寻常的是，重要的是，我们处于一个极好的位置，可以同时监测巴达邦加火山的熔岩来源，以及它沿着沿着裂谷系统向北流动的侧向岩墙沿着和出现的情况。我们不知道这种岩浆裂谷活动将如何发展，但它很可能会持续数月，因为在地壳浅层有如此多的熔岩。我们将在未来12个月内运行15个额外的地震仪，以获得整个构造岩浆事件的连续记录。

项目成果

Seismic Amplitude Ratio Analysis of the 2014-2015 Bárarbunga-Holuhraun Dike Propagation and Eruption

2014-2015年Bárarbunga-Holuhraun堤坝扩展和喷发地震振幅比分析

• DOI: 10.1002/2017jb014660
• 发表时间: 2018
• 期刊: Solid Earth
• 影响因子: 3.4
• 作者: Caudron C

Triggered earthquakes suppressed by an evolving stress shadow from a propagating dyke

• DOI: 10.1038/ngeo2491
• 发表时间: 2015-07
• 期刊: Nature Geoscience
• 影响因子: 18.3
• 作者: R. Green;T. Greenfield;R. White

Ring Fault Slip Reversal at Bárðarbunga Volcano, Iceland: Seismicity During Caldera Collapse and Re-Inflation 2014-2018

冰岛 Báråarbunga 火山环断层滑动逆转：2014-2018 年火山口崩塌和再膨胀期间的地震活动

• DOI: 10.1029/2021gl097613
• 发表时间: 2022
• 期刊: Geophysical Research Letters
• 影响因子: 5.2
• 作者: Glastonbury-Southern E

Ambient noise tomography reveals upper crustal structure of Icelandic rifts

• DOI: 10.1016/j.epsl.2017.02.039
• 发表时间: 2017-05
• 期刊: Earth and Planetary Science Letters
• 影响因子: 5.3
• 作者: R. Green;K. Priestley;R. White

Seismic Amplitude Ratio Analysis of the 2014-2015 Bár ?arbunga-Holuhraun Dike Propagation and Eruption

2014-2015年Bár ?arbunga-Holuhraun岩脉扩展和喷发地震振幅比分析

• DOI: 10.17863/cam.21041
• 发表时间: 2018
• 作者: Caudron C