Sustainable and safe fisheries for Rio de Janeiro, Brazil: Movement patterns and pollutant accumulation by corvina (Micropogonias furnieri)

巴西里约热内卢的可持续和安全渔业：石首鱼（Micropogonias Furnieri）的运动模式和污染物积累

• 批准号: NE/N000889/1
• 负责人: Ian McCarthy
• 金额: $ 3.04万
• 依托单位: Bangor University
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2015
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2015 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=NE%2FN000889%2F1
• 关键词: Sustainable; safe; fisheries; Rio; de

Most fish species undertake movement patterns during their life cycle and defining these ontogenetic movements (i.e. where they go and at what life stage) and determining connectivity (i.e. the extent to which they intermix) are key to understanding their ecology for both conservation and exploitation management purposes. This is especially important for commercially-exploited species as this can allow provision of (1) protected areas for key life stages (e.g. nursery, feeding or spawning areas) and (2) local food security and continuity of employment in the local community. Movement patterns can be reconstructed using tag-recapture and radio-tracking of individually-tagged fish but these methodologies are labour-intensive, logistically difficult to implement and/or costly. In addition, their application to small fish can be limited. Recently, based on the observed spatial differences in water chemistry, the trace element chemistry of calcareous structures such as otoliths (calcified "ear stones") has been used to understand movement patterns of fishes among these locations. The advantage of this technique is that it is not size-restricted and each fish already carries its own internal tag. Aquatic systems have been considered ideal final sinks for persistent and bioaccumulative toxicants (PBTs), such as metals and organohalogen compounds. Due to some features that include chemical stability and affinity for proteins or lipids, some PBTs are efficiently bioaccumulated and end up undergoing biomagnification (i.e. are concentrated) with increasing trophic level (i.e. as you move up the food chain). Therefore, large high trophic level predators such as fish and aquatic mammals, are critical groups to study and may accumulate high PBT concentrations in their bodies. If eaten by Man in sufficient quantities, the transfer if these PBTs may present a significant health risk In this study, a dual approach to study PBTs in whitemouth croaker (or corvina), Micropogonias furnieri, from Guanabara Bay (Rio de Janeiro) is proposed. Firstly, the elemental concentrations in the otoliths will be studied in order to examine the movement patterns of corvina and, secondly, muscle PBT concentrations will be measured in fish of different ages/sizes caught in different locations of the Bay in order to determine uptake rate and accumulation of PBTs over ontogeny. Guanabara Bay is an urbanized estuary of utmost social and economic importance but also one of the most polluted in Brazil. Despite this, the fish populations of Guanabara Bay support artisanal fisheries (3700 fishers, landings 19000 tonnes, $4.8M annual first sale) and corvina comprises about 20% of the annual catch value. For temperate regions of Brazil, it has been demonstrated that this fish species displays ontogenetic habitat shifts with the adult fish feeding in coastal waters and moving into estuaries to spawn. The juvenile fish reside in estuaries for several years before moving out to coastal waters to recruit into the adult stock. The project will address the following questions: (1) What are the movement patterns of juvenile corvina in Guanabara Bay? (i.e. do juveniles of all ages/sizes mix freely within the Bay or do they show size-specific changes in salinity/habitat preference?)(2) At what age/size do adolescent corvinas move from the estuary into coastal waters? (3) What are the movement patterns of adult fish between brackish and marine water? (4) What are the muscular PBT concentrations of corvina in Guanabara Bay and coastal waters? (5) How do muscular PBT concentrations change with age/size? (i.e. what is the rate of accumulation during the estuarine residency period? and do concentrations reduce in adult fish once they are feeding in cleaner coastal waters?)

大多数鱼类在其生命周期中都有运动模式，定义这些个体发生运动（即它们去哪里和在什么生命阶段）和确定连通性（即它们混合的程度）是了解其生态保护和开发管理目的的关键。这对于商业开发的物种尤其重要，因为这可以提供(1)关键生命阶段（例如苗圃、取食或产卵区）的保护区，以及(2)当地粮食安全和当地社区就业的连续性。运动模式可以通过标签重新捕获和无线电跟踪单独标记的鱼来重建，但这些方法是劳动密集型的，在后勤上难以实施和/或成本高昂。此外，它们对小鱼的应用也很有限。近年来，基于观察到的水化学空间差异，人们利用钙质结构如耳石（钙化的“耳石”）的微量元素化学来了解鱼类在这些地点的运动模式。这种技术的优点是它不受大小限制，每条鱼都有自己的内部标签。水生系统被认为是持久性和生物蓄积性毒物（pbt）的理想最终汇，如金属和有机卤素化合物。由于某些特性，包括化学稳定性和对蛋白质或脂质的亲和力，一些pbt可以有效地进行生物积累，并随着营养水平的增加（即随着食物链的上升）而最终经历生物放大（即浓缩）。因此，大型高营养级捕食者，如鱼类和水生哺乳动物，是研究的关键群体，它们可能在体内积累高浓度的PBT。在这项研究中，提出了一种双重方法来研究来自瓜纳巴拉湾（里约热内卢de Janeiro）的白口鱼（或黄斑鱼），Micropogonias furnieri中的pbt。首先，将研究耳石中的元素浓度，以检查黄花鱼的运动模式；其次，将测量在海湾不同地点捕获的不同年龄/大小的鱼的肌肉PBT浓度，以确定PBT在个体发育过程中的吸收率和积累。瓜纳巴拉湾是一个城市化的河口，具有极大的社会和经济重要性，但也是巴西污染最严重的河口之一。尽管如此，瓜纳巴拉湾的鱼类种群支持着手工渔业（3700名渔民，捕捞19000吨，每年首次销售480万美元），而黄首鱼约占年捕捞价值的20%。在巴西的温带地区，已经证明该鱼类表现出个体发生栖息地的变化，成年鱼在沿海水域觅食并进入河口产卵。幼鱼在河口生活数年，然后游到沿海水域招募成鱼。该项目将解决以下问题：(1)瓜纳巴拉湾幼鱼的运动模式是什么？（即不同年龄/体型的幼鱼是在湾内自由混合，还是在盐度/栖息地偏好上表现出不同体型的变化？）(2)青壮年的黄花鱼在几岁/多大的时候从河口进入沿海水域？(3)成鱼在咸淡水和海水之间的运动模式是什么？(4)瓜纳巴拉湾及沿岸水域黄花鱼肌肉PBT浓度如何？(5)肌肉PBT浓度如何随年龄/体型变化？(即在河口居住期间的累积速度是多少？当成年鱼在更清洁的沿海水域觅食时，它们体内的浓度会降低吗？)

项目成果

Occurrence of legacy and emerging organic pollutants in whitemouth croakers from Southeastern Brazil.

• DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.05.213
• 发表时间: 2019-09
• 期刊: The Science of the total environment
• 作者: A. C. Pizzochero;A. de la Torre;P. Sanz;I. Navarro;L. Michel;G. Lepoint;K. Das;Joseph G. Schnitzler;S. Chenery;I. McCarthy;O. Malm;P. Dorneles;M. Martínez

Use of multielement stable isotope ratios to investigate ontogenetic movements of Micropogonias furnieri in a tropical Brazilian estuary

利用多元素稳定同位素比率研究巴西热带河口 Micropogonias Furnieri 的个体发育运动

• DOI: 10.1139/cjfas-2017-0148
• 发表时间: 2018
• 期刊: Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
• 影响因子: 2.4
• 作者: Pizzochero A