Karst knowledge exchange to improve protection of groundwater resources

岩溶知识交流提高地下水资源保护

• 批准号: NE/N005635/1
• 负责人: Louise Maurice
• 金额: $ 12.63万
• 依托单位: British Geological Survey
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Fellowship
• 财政年份: 2016
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2016 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=NE%2FN005635%2F1
• 关键词: Karst; knowledge; exchange; improve; protection

Karst processes involve the dissolutional enlargement of fractures within rock to produce voids through which groundwater flow is extremely rapid. Karst occurs in all rocks that are susceptible to dissolution and results in rapid subsurface pollutant transport (several kilometres per day) and flow patterns that are difficult to predict. Understanding where rapid groundwater flow occurs is key to understanding permeability, storage, and pollutant migration, which is essential for all aspects of groundwater management, and for complying with EU water regulations. In the UK, whilst the occurrence of karst is well recognised in the Carboniferous Limestone, this is not the case in the younger carbonate aquifers (the Chalk, the Jurassic Limestones and the Permian Limestones), where spatial variability in rapid groundwater flow is not well characterised, and groundwater managers have poor access to information on karst. This fellowship will focus on these younger carbonate aquifers where knowledge is not well developed. The aims are to use knowledge exchange to raise awareness of karst in these aquifers, and to bring together data and knowledge from research and industry to develop tools to improve aquifer management and protection. The rationale is that better knowledge of rapid groundwater flow will improve many aspects of catchment management including ensuring good water quality status, managing pollution events, managing discharges to groundwater, management of safeguard zones, and protection of groundwater resources. Karst data will be compiled from many organisations in industry and academia. Data that will be collated include: geological data (because the geological setting influences karst development); geomorphological data (which provides direct evidence of karst), information on subsurface karst features encountered in engineering and construction projects (because these hidden karst features have no surface expression, and engineering experiences provide a different source of information on karst development); tracer testing data (which provides direct evidence of rapid groundwater flow, sometimes over several kilometres); information from pollution events (e.g. where pollution of an abstraction borehole or spring was proven to be from a source some distance away); information on turbidity in abstraction boreholes (because this is known to be an indicator of karst processes). These data will be used to develop a map showing domains with different levels of karstification and risk of rapid groundwater flow, which will provide evidence to inform and support decision making. In addition web based karst resources will be created to enable managers and decision makers to easily access local data and knowledge on karst in different geographical areas. These will include links to papers and reports, data, text summarising karst in the area, and information on people with experience of karst in the area.The knowledge-exchange process will involve meetings with regulators, water providers and consultants to compile data, and to discuss the methodology and format of the karst domains map and the web based karst resources to ensure that they are designed to maximise their effectiveness and impact, and their uptake by other stakeholders. The meetings will include discussions of issues that arise due to rapid groundwater flow and there will be flexibility to pursue these, for example by bringing together experts to develop new strategies in response to stakeholder concerns. Workshops will be held to determine how karst data can be best used for management and protection of groundwater resources, with topics focused on stakeholder requirements. Overall this knowledge exchange will enable the development of tools and knowledge to greatly improve management and protection of groundwater resources, which will be based on a world leading understanding of karst, and will have economic and environmental benefits.

岩溶作用是指岩石内部裂缝的溶蚀扩大，从而产生孔洞，地下水通过孔洞流动非常迅速。喀斯特发生在所有易溶解的岩石中，并导致地下污染物的快速运输（每天数公里）和难以预测的流动模式。了解地下水快速流动发生的位置是了解渗透率、储存和污染物迁移的关键，这对地下水管理的各个方面以及遵守欧盟水法规都至关重要。在英国，虽然石炭系灰岩中岩溶的出现得到了很好的认识，但在较年轻的碳酸盐含水层（白垩、侏罗纪灰岩和二叠纪灰岩）中情况并非如此，在这些含水层中，快速地下水流动的空间变异性没有得到很好的表征，地下水管理人员很难获得有关岩溶的信息。该奖学金将重点研究这些年轻的碳酸盐含水层，这些含水层的知识还没有很好地发展。其目的是利用知识交流来提高对这些含水层中的喀斯特的认识，并汇集来自研究和工业的数据和知识，以开发改善含水层管理和保护的工具。其基本原理是，更好地了解地下水快速流动将改善集水区管理的许多方面，包括确保良好的水质状况、管理污染事件、管理向地下水排放、管理安全区以及保护地下水资源。喀斯特数据将从工业界和学术界的许多组织中收集。整理的资料包括：地质资料（因为地质环境影响岩溶发育）；地貌资料（提供喀斯特的直接证据）、工程和建设项目中遇到的地下喀斯特特征信息（因为这些隐藏的喀斯特特征没有表面表达，工程经验为喀斯特发育提供了不同的信息来源）；示踪剂测试数据（提供地下水快速流动的直接证据，有时超过几公里）；有关污染事件的资料（例如，经证明抽取井眼或泉水的污染来自一段距离以外的地方）；关于抽取钻孔浊度的信息（因为这是已知的喀斯特过程的一个指标）。这些数据将用于绘制地图，显示具有不同程度岩溶作用和地下水快速流动风险的区域，这将为告知和支持决策提供证据。此外，将创建基于网络的喀斯特资源，使管理人员和决策者能够轻松访问不同地理区域的喀斯特数据和知识。这些链接将包括论文和报告的链接、数据、该地区喀斯特地貌的摘要文本，以及该地区有喀斯特地貌经验的人的信息。知识交流过程将包括与监管机构、供水商和顾问举行会议，以汇编数据，并讨论喀斯特域地图和基于网络的喀斯特资源的方法和格式，以确保它们的设计能够最大限度地提高其有效性和影响，并被其他利益相关者所接受。这些会议将包括讨论由于地下水快速流动而产生的问题，并将在解决这些问题方面具有灵活性，例如召集专家制定新的战略，以回应利益攸关方的关切。将举办讲习班，以确定如何最好地利用喀斯特数据管理和保护地下水资源，主题侧重于利益攸关方的要求。总的来说，这种知识交流将使工具和知识的开发能够极大地改善地下水资源的管理和保护，这将基于对喀斯特的世界领先的理解，并将具有经济和环境效益。

项目成果

The genesis and evolution of karstic conduit systems in the Chalk

白垩纪岩溶管道系统的成因和演化

• DOI: 10.1144/sp517-2020-126
• 发表时间: 2022
• 期刊: Geological Society, London, Special Publications
• 作者: Farrant A

BGS Karst Report Series: C7. Karst in the Chalk of the South Downs. British Geological Survey Open Report OR21/057

BGS 喀斯特报告系列：C7。

• 发表时间: 2022
• 作者: Maurice, L

BGS Karst Report Series: C9. Karst in the Chalk of the Isle of Wight. British Geological Survey Open Report OR21/073

BGS 喀斯特报告系列：C9。

• 发表时间: 2022
• 作者: Maurice, L

Karst hydrogeology of the Chalk and implications for groundwater protection

白垩岩溶水文地质及其对地下水保护的影响

• DOI: 10.1144/sp517-2020-267
• 发表时间: 2021
• 期刊: Geological Society, London, Special Publications
• 作者: Maurice L

BGS Karst report Series: J2. Karst in the Jurassic Limestones of Central England. British Geological Survey Open Report OR21/060

BGS喀斯特报告系列：J2。

• 发表时间: 2022
• 作者: Mathewson, E