Hydroscape:connectivity x stressor interactions in freshwater habitats

水景：淡水栖息地的连通性 x 压力源相互作用

• 批准号: NE/N005740/1
• 负责人: Claire Miller
• 金额: $ 23.06万
• 依托单位: University of Glasgow
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2015
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2015 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=NE%2FN005740%2F1
• 关键词: Hydroscape; connectivity; stressor; interactions; freshwater

All types of ecosystems exhibit connectivity at some level. However, connectivity is the quintessential property of aquatic systems. Connectivity matters in freshwaters because it is the means by which energy, materials, organisms and genetic resources move within and between hydrological units of the landscape (the 'hydroscape'). Hydrological connectivity is a particularly effective vector for multiple climatic, biological, chemical and physical stressors, although other forms of connectivity also link freshwater ecosystems. Our proposal addresses the fundamental question of how connectivity and stressors interact to determine biodiversity and ecosystem function in freshwaters.Connectivity is multifaceted. It may be directly evident - water moves downhill or across floodplains, or more subtle - the incorporation of terrestrial organic matter into aquatic food webs. Animals and people naturally gravitate to freshwaters, thus providing additional dispersal vectors that can transport propagules to isolated sites. Connectivity may be passive or active and occurs across scales - from local to global. Freshwater scientists recognise the fundamental role of connectivity in key paradigms such as the river continuum and flood pulse concepts. Land-water connectivity is also the founding principle behind catchment management. In truth, however, a long tradition of focus on individual stressors, sites, taxonomic groups or specific habitats, means we have a highly disjointed view of the most intrinsically interconnected resource on the planet. While the need for an integrated approach to the management of water is universally acknowledged, an understanding of the most fundamental infrastructure of freshwaters is lacking. This is a serious obstacle in meeting critical societal challenges, namely the maintenance of environmental sustainability in the face of multiplying human-induced stresses. Without a better-integrated view of the freshwater landscape we struggle to answer basic questions. These include (i) how do organisms, nutrients and energy naturally move within and between landscapes? (ii) how is this basic template altered by different stressors, singly or in combination? (iii) how has widespread alteration of catchment land cover and of the basic infrastructure of freshwaters that largely drives connectivity, redistributed pressures and moderated their effects? (iv) how should reductions in stressors and changes to connectivity that arenow widely implemented, be prioritised when seeking to restore biodiversity and ecosystem function.Our primary aims are to (1) determine how connectivity (hydrological, spatial and biological) impacts on freshwater ecosystem structure and function in contrasting landscape types, and (2) use this understanding to forecast how freshwaters nationally will respond to (i) multiple, interacting pressures and (ii) management actions designed to reduce pressures and/or alter connectivity. We will achieve these aims by working at different spatial (landscape v national) and temporal (decadal v centennial) scales and using a combination of complementary traditional and more novel molecular and stable isotope techniques. We will combine existing data sources (e.g. archived sediment cores, biological surveys and the millions of records held in national databases) with dedicated sampling to maximise the cost effectiveness of our work and achieve a cross habitat and ecosystem-wide reach. Landscape scale thinking has become the new mantra of nature conservation and environmental bodies but the knowledge required to underpin large scale conservation and restoration of the hydroscape is currently lacking. In this regard understanding how biodiversity and ecosystem function respond to the changing connectivity x stressors arena in freshwaters is critical. The outputs of the proposed research will deliver the integrated understanding of the hydroscape that is now urgently required.

所有类型的生态系统在某种程度上都表现出连通性。然而，连通性是水生系统的典型特征。连通性在淡水中很重要，因为它是能源、材料、生物和遗传资源在景观水文单元（“水景”）内部和之间流动的手段。水文连通性是应对多种气候、生物、化学和物理压力的特别有效载体，尽管其他形式的连通性也能将淡水生态系统联系起来。我们的建议解决了连通性和压力源如何相互作用以决定淡水生物多样性和生态系统功能的基本问题。互联互通是多方面的。它可能是直接明显的——水向下流动或穿过洪泛平原，或者更微妙——陆地有机物与水生食物网的结合。动物和人自然倾向于淡水，因此提供了额外的传播媒介，可以将传播体运送到孤立的地点。连接可以是被动的，也可以是主动的，并且发生在从本地到全球的各个尺度上。淡水科学家认识到连通性在诸如河流连续体和洪水脉冲概念等关键范例中的基本作用。陆水连通性也是集水区管理的基本原则。然而，事实上，长期以来关注个体压力源、地点、分类群体或特定栖息地的传统，意味着我们对地球上最内在联系的资源的看法是高度脱节的。虽然普遍承认需要对水的管理采取综合办法，但对淡水最基本的基础设施却缺乏了解。这是应对重大社会挑战的一个严重障碍，即面对日益增加的人为压力维持环境的可持续性。如果对淡水景观没有一个更好的综合看法，我们很难回答基本问题。其中包括(i)生物、营养物质和能量如何在景观内部和景观之间自然移动？（ii）不同的压力源（单独或组合）如何改变这个基本模板？（iii）在很大程度上推动连通性的集水区土地覆盖和淡水基础设施的广泛改变，如何重新分配压力并缓和其影响？（四）在寻求恢复生物多样性和生态系统功能时，应如何优先考虑目前已广泛实施的减少压力源和改变连通性的措施。我们的主要目标是：(1)确定连通性（水文、空间和生物）如何影响对比景观类型下的淡水生态系统结构和功能，以及(2)利用这一理解来预测全国淡水将如何应对(i)多种相互作用的压力和（ii）旨在减少压力和/或改变连通性的管理行动。我们将在不同的空间（景观或国家）和时间（年代际或百年）尺度上开展工作，并结合使用互补的传统和更新颖的分子和稳定同位素技术来实现这些目标。我们将把现有的数据来源（例如存档的沉积物岩心、生物调查和国家数据库中保存的数百万条记录）与专门的采样结合起来，以最大限度地提高我们工作的成本效益，并实现跨栖息地和生态系统范围的覆盖。景观尺度思维已成为自然保护和环境机构的新咒语，但目前缺乏支持大规模保护和恢复水景所需的知识。在这方面，了解生物多样性和生态系统功能如何响应淡水中不断变化的连通性和压力源是至关重要的。拟议研究的成果将提供对目前迫切需要的水景的综合理解。

项目成果

Hierarchical Species Distribution Modelling Across High Dimensional Nested Spatial Scales

跨高维嵌套空间尺度的层次物种分布建模

• 发表时间: 2021
• 作者: Wilkie C

A new statistical approach for identifying rare species under imperfect detection

一种在不完善检测下识别稀有物种的新统计方法

• DOI: 10.1111/ddi.13495
• 发表时间: 2022
• 期刊: Diversity and Distributions
• 影响因子: 4.6
• 作者: Belmont J