Hydroscape:connectivity x stressor interactions in freshwater habitats

水景：淡水栖息地的连通性 x 压力源相互作用

• 批准号: NE/N006437/1
• 负责人: Nigel Willby
• 金额: $ 84.5万
• 依托单位: University of Stirling
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2015
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2015 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=NE%2FN006437%2F1
• 关键词: Hydroscape; connectivity; stressor; interactions; freshwater

All types of ecosystems exhibit connectivity at some level. However, connectivity is the quintessential property of aquatic systems. Connectivity matters in freshwaters because it is the means by which energy, materials, organisms and genetic resources move within and between hydrological units of the landscape (the 'hydroscape'). Hydrological connectivity is a particularly effective vector for multiple climatic, biological, chemical and physical stressors, although other forms of connectivity also link freshwater ecosystems. Our proposal addresses the fundamental question of how connectivity and stressors interact to determine biodiversity and ecosystem function in freshwaters.Connectivity is multifaceted. It may be tangible - water moves downhill or over floodplains, or more subtle - terrestrial organic matter is incorporated into aquatic food webs. Animals and people naturally gravitate to freshwaters, thus providing additional dispersal vectors that can carry propagules to isolated sites. Connectivity may be passive or active and occurs across scales from the local to the global. Freshwater scientists recognise the fundamental role of connectivity in key paradigms such as the river continuum and flood pulse concepts. Land-water connectivity is also the founding principle behind catchment management. However, in reality, a long tradition of focusing on individual stressors, sites, taxonomic groups or habitats, has led to a highly disjointed view of the most intrinsically interconnected resource on the planet. While the need for an integrated approach to water management is universally acknowledged, an understanding of this most fundamental part of the infrastructure of freshwaters is lacking. This is a serious obstacle to meeting critical societal challenges, namely the maintenance of environmental sustainability in the face of multiplying human-induced stresses. Without a more integrated view of the freshwater landscape we struggle to answer basic questions. These include (i) how do organisms, nutrients and energy move naturally within and between landscapes? (ii) how is this basic template altered by different stressors, singly or in combination? (iii) how has widespread alteration of land cover and of the basic infrastructure of freshwaters that largely drives connectivity, redistributed pressures and modified their effects? (iv) how should reductions in stressors and changes to connectivity, that are now widely implemented, be prioritised when seeking to restore biodiversity and ecosystem function?Our primary aims are to (1) determine how hydrological, spatial and biological connectivity impact on freshwater ecosystem structure and function in contrasting landscape types, and (2) use this understanding to forecast how freshwaters nationally will respond to (i) multiple, interacting pressures and (ii) management actions designed to reduce pressures and/or alter connectivity. We will achieve these aims by working at different spatial (landscape vs national) and temporal (sub-annual to decadal vs centennial) scales and using a combination of complementary well established and more novel molecular and stable isotope techniques. We will combine existing data sources (e.g. archived sediment cores, biological surveys and the millions of records held in national databases) with targeted sampling to maximise cost effectiveness and achieve a cross habitat and ecosystem wide reach. Landscape scale thinking has become the new mantra of nature conservation and environmental bodies but the knowledge needed to ensure resilience to climate change and to underpin large scale conservation and restoration of aquatic landscapes is currently lacking. In this regard an understanding of how biodiversity and ecosystem function respond to the changing connectivity x stressors arena in freshwaters is critical. The outputs of the proposed research will deliver the integrated understanding of the hydroscape that is now required urgently.

所有类型的生态系统都在某种程度上表现出连通性。然而，连通性是水生系统的本质属性。连通性在淡水中很重要，因为它是能量、材料、生物和遗传资源在景观水文单元（“水文景观”）内部和之间移动的手段。水文连通性是多种气候、生物、化学和物理压力的一个特别有效的媒介，尽管其他形式的连通性也将淡水生态系统联系起来。我们的建议解决了连接性和压力源如何相互作用以确定淡水生物多样性和生态系统功能的基本问题。它可能是有形的-水向下移动或在洪泛平原上，或更微妙的-陆地有机物被纳入水生食物网。动物和人类自然地被吸引到淡水，从而提供了额外的传播媒介，可以将繁殖体带到孤立的地点。连接可以是被动的或主动的，并且发生在从局部到全球的各个尺度上。淡水科学家认识到连通性在河流连续体和洪水脉冲概念等关键范式中的基本作用。陆地与水的连通性也是流域管理的基本原则。然而，在现实中，长期的传统，专注于个人的压力，网站，分类群体或栖息地，导致了一个高度脱节的观点最内在的相互关联的资源在地球上。虽然人们普遍认识到需要对水资源管理采取综合办法，但对淡水基础设施的这一最基本部分却缺乏了解。这是应对重大社会挑战的一个严重障碍，即在面对人类造成的压力倍增的情况下维持环境的可持续性。如果没有对淡水景观的更全面的看法，我们很难回答基本的问题。这些问题包括（i）生物、营养物质和能量如何在景观内部和景观之间自然移动？(ii)不同的压力源是如何改变这个基本模板的，是单独的还是组合的？(iii)土地覆被和淡水基本基础设施的广泛改变在很大程度上推动了连通性，重新分配了压力并改变了其影响，这些改变是如何产生的？(iv)在寻求恢复生物多样性和生态系统功能时，应如何优先考虑目前已广泛实施的减少压力因素和改变连通性？我们的主要目标是（1）确定水文，空间和生物的连接性如何影响淡水生态系统的结构和功能，对比景观类型，（2）使用这种理解来预测淡水国家将如何应对（i）多重，相互作用的压力和（ii）旨在减少压力和/或改变连接的管理行动。我们将通过在不同的空间（景观与国家）和时间（次年度到十年与百年）尺度上工作，并使用互补的完善和更新颖的分子和稳定同位素技术的组合来实现这些目标。我们将结合联合收割机现有的数据源（例如，存档的沉积物岩心、生物调查和国家数据库中保存的数百万条记录）和有针对性的采样，以最大限度地提高成本效益，并实现跨生境和生态系统的广泛覆盖。景观规模思维已成为自然保护和环境机构的新口号，但目前缺乏确保对气候变化的适应能力以及支持大规模保护和恢复水生景观所需的知识。在这方面，了解生物多样性和生态系统功能如何应对不断变化的连接x压力竞技场在淡水是至关重要的。拟议研究的成果将提供对现在迫切需要的水景的综合理解。

项目成果

Lake heatwaves under climate change

• DOI: 10.1038/s41586-020-03119-1
• 发表时间: 2021-01-21
• 期刊: NATURE
• 影响因子: 64.8
• 作者: Woolway, R. Iestyn;Jennings, Eleanor;Maberly, Stephen C.
• 通讯作者: Maberly, Stephen C.

Safeguarding freshwater life beyond 2020: Recommendations for the new global biodiversity framework from the European experience

• DOI: 10.1111/conl.12771
• 发表时间: 2020-01
• 期刊: Conservation Letters
• 影响因子: 8.5
• 作者: C. V. van Rees;K. Waylen;A. Schmidt‐Kloiber;S. Thackeray;Gregor Kalinkat;K. Martens;S. Domisch;A. Lillebø;V. Hermoso;H. Grossart;R. Schinegger;K. Decleer;T. Adriaens;L. Denys;I. Jarić;J. Janse;M. Monaghan;Aaike De Wever;I. Geijzendorffer;M. Adamescu;S. Jähnig

The effectiveness of aquatic plants as surrogates for wider biodiversity in standing fresh waters

• DOI: 10.1111/fwb.13369
• 发表时间: 2019-07-15
• 期刊: FRESHWATER BIOLOGY
• 影响因子: 2.7
• 作者: Law, Alan;Baker, Ambroise;Willby, Nigel J.
• 通讯作者: Willby, Nigel J.

Pond ecology and conservation: research priorities and knowledge gaps

• DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.3853
• 发表时间: 2021-12-01
• 期刊: ECOSPHERE
• 影响因子: 2.7
• 作者: Hill, Matthew J.;Greaves, Helen M.;Wood, Paul J.
• 通讯作者: Wood, Paul J.

Invasion of freshwater ecosystems is promoted by network connectivity to hotspots of human activity

• DOI: 10.1111/geb.13051
• 发表时间: 2020-04-01
• 期刊: GLOBAL ECOLOGY AND BIOGEOGRAPHY
• 影响因子: 6.4
• 作者: Chapman, Daniel S.;Gunn, Iain D. M.;Carvalho, Laurence
• 通讯作者: Carvalho, Laurence