GENETIC MECHANISMS OF EVOLUTION

将开展进化遗传学若干问题的研究 通过结合基因、分子和理论 方法。 这将增强我们对进化论的理解。 自然变化的过程和原因。 这样的理解， 对于正确使用DNA序列数据和研究 人类遗传疾病，以及其内在的利益。 性别进化中的遗传机制问题 染色体将通过（i）启动遗传和分子 白色坎皮翁（Silene latifolia）Y染色体分析（ii） 研究了美洲果蝇的新Y染色体， 它已经被转座因子侵入。 X连锁基因进化速度的证据与 利用克隆果蝇基因的DNA测序寻找常染色体 存在于某些物种的X染色体上， 常染色体的 X连锁的适应性进化的速度更快 基因座可能在塑造遗传控制的性质方面发挥作用， 生殖隔离 这种控制将在果蝇的两个独立项目中进行研究。 一 这些将与分子遗传的细化有关， 杂交雄性不育分析，包括克隆一个X- 染色体位点，已确定在D. simulans 和D.毛里求斯。 另一个将关注古典 交配歧视的遗传和生化分析 果蝇属。 繁殖系统对数量和性质的限制 将通过比较DNA序列变异来研究自然变异 在菊科植物的近亲繁殖和远交种中。 与解释本研究结果相关的理论模型 也将得到发展。 最后，细胞质内共生体的进化遗传学， 沃尔巴克氏体，将被研究，通过理论和 实验方法。

Research on a number of problems of evolutionary genetics will be carried out, using a combination of genetic, molecular and theoretical approaches. This will enhance our understanding of evolutionary processes and the causes of natural variation. Such an understanding is critical for the proper use of DNA sequence data, and for the study of human genetic disorders, as well as for its intrinsic interest. The question of the genetic mechanism involved in the evolution of sex chromosomes will be studied by (i) initiating the genetic and molecular analysis of the Y chromosome of the white campion, Silene latifolia (ii) examining the neo-Y chromosome of Drosophila americana for evidence that it has been invaded by transposable elements. Evidence on the rate of evolution of X-linked genes compared with autosomes will be sought using DNA sequencing of clone Drosophila gene that are present on the X chromosomes of some species, but which are autosomal in others. A faster rate of adaptive evolution of X-linked loci might play a role in shaping the nature of the genetic control of reproductive isolation. This control will be studied in two separate projects on Drosophila. One of these will be concerned with the refinement of the molecular genetic analysis of hybrid male sterility, including the aim of cloning an X- chromosome locus that has been identified in crosses between D. simulans and D. mauritiana. The other will be concerned with the classical genetic and biochemical analysis of mating discrimination among Drosophila species. The constraints imposed by the breeding system on the amount and nature of natural variation will be studied by comparing DNA sequence variation in related inbreeding and outbreeding species of Brassicaceous plants. Theoretical models relevant to interpreting the results of this study will also be developed. Finally, the evolutionary genetics of a cytoplasmic endosymbiont, Wolbachia, will be studied, by a combination of theoretical and experimental approaches.