Hydroscape:connectivity x stressor interactions in freshwater habitats

水景：淡水栖息地的连通性 x 压力源相互作用

• 批准号: NE/N005902/1
• 负责人: Beth Okamura
• 金额: $ 56.72万
• 依托单位: Natural History Museum
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2015
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2015 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=NE%2FN005902%2F1
• 关键词: Hydroscape; connectivity; stressor; interactions; freshwater

All types of ecosystems exhibit connectivity at some level. However, connectivity is the quintessential property of aquatic systems. Connectivity matters in freshwaters because it is the means by which energy, materials, organisms and genetic resources move within and between hydrological units of the landscape (the 'hydroscape'). Hydrological connectivity is a particularly effective vector for multiple climatic, biological, chemical and physical stressors, although other forms of connectivity also link freshwater ecosystems. Our proposal addresses the fundamental question of how connectivity and stressors interact to determine biodiversity and ecosystem function in freshwaters.Connectivity is multifaceted. It may be tangible - water moves downhill or over floodplains, or more subtle - terrestrial organic matter is incorporated into aquatic food webs. Animals and people naturally gravitate to freshwaters, thus providing additional dispersal vectors that can carry propagules to isolated sites. Connectivity may be passive or active and occurs across scales from the local to the global. Freshwater scientists recognise the fundamental role of connectivity in key paradigms such as the river continuum and flood pulse concepts. Land-water connectivity is also the founding principle behind catchment management. However, in reality, a long tradition of focusing on individual stressors, sites, taxonomic groups or habitats, has led to a highly disjointed view of the most intrinsically interconnected resource on the planet. While the need for an integrated approach to water management is universally acknowledged, an understanding of this most fundamental part of the infrastructure of freshwaters is lacking. This is a serious obstacle to meeting critical societal challenges, namely the maintenance of environmental sustainability in the face of multiplying human-induced stresses. Without a more integrated view of the freshwater landscape we struggle to answer basic questions. These include (i) how do organisms, nutrients and energy move naturally within and between landscapes? (ii) how is this basic template altered by different stressors, singly or in combination? (iii) how has widespread alteration of land cover and of the basic infrastructure of freshwaters that largely drives connectivity, redistributed pressures and modified their effects? (iv) how should reductions in stressors and changes to connectivity, that are now widely implemented, be prioritised when seeking to restore biodiversity and ecosystem function?Our primary aims are to (1) determine how hydrological, spatial and biological connectivity impact on freshwater ecosystem structure and function in contrasting landscape types, and (2) use this understanding to forecast how freshwaters nationally will respond to (i) multiple, interacting pressures and (ii) management actions designed to reduce pressures and/or alter connectivity. We will achieve these aims by working at different spatial (landscape vs national) and temporal (sub-annual to decadal vs centennial) scales and using a combination of complementary well established and more novel molecular and stable isotope techniques. We will combine existing data sources (e.g. archived sediment cores, biological surveys and the millions of records held in national databases) with targeted sampling to maximise cost effectiveness and achieve a cross habitat and ecosystem wide reach. Landscape scale thinking has become the new mantra of nature conservation and environmental bodies but the knowledge needed to ensure resilience to climate change and to underpin large scale conservation and restoration of aquatic landscapes is currently lacking. In this regard an understanding of how biodiversity and ecosystem function respond to the changing connectivity x stressors arena in freshwaters is critical. The outputs of the proposed research will deliver the integrated understanding of the hydroscape that is now required urgently.

所有类型的生态系统都在某种程度上表现出连通性。然而，连通性是水生系统的典型属性。连通性在淡水中很重要，因为它是能量、材料、生物和遗传资源在景观水文单元（“水文景观”）内部和之间移动的方式。尽管其他形式的连通性也将淡水生态系统联系起来，但水文连通性是应对多种气候、生物、化学和物理压力源的特别有效的载体。我们的提案解决了连通性和压力源如何相互作用以确定淡水生物多样性和生态系统功能的基本问题。连通性是多方面的。它可能是有形的——水流下山或流过洪泛区，或者更微妙——陆地有机物被纳入水生食物网。动物和人类自然地倾向于淡水，从而提供了额外的传播载体，可以将繁殖体带到孤立的地点。连接可能是被动的，也可能是主动的，并且发生在从本地到全球的各个尺度上。淡水科学家认识到连通性在河流连续体和洪水脉冲概念等关键范式中的基本作用。水陆连通也是流域管理的基本原则。然而，实际上，关注个体压力源、地点、分类群或栖息地的长期传统导致人们对地球上最本质上相互关联的资源的看法高度脱节。虽然人们普遍认识到需要采取综合的水管理方法，但人们对淡水基础设施这一最基本部分的了解却很缺乏。这是应对关键社会挑战的严重障碍，即在人类造成的压力倍增的情况下维持环境的可持续性。如果没有对淡水景观进行更全面的了解，我们就很难回答基本问题。其中包括 (i) 生物体、营养物质和能量如何在景观内部和景观之间自然移动？ (ii) 不同的压力源（单独或组合）如何改变这个基本模板？ (iii) 土地覆盖和淡水基础设施的广泛改变在很大程度上推动了连通性、重新分配压力并改变了其影响？ (iv) 在寻求恢复生物多样性和生态系统功能时，如何优先考虑目前广泛实施的减少压力源和改变连通性？我们的主要目标是 (1) 确定水文、空间和生物连通性如何影响对比景观类型中的淡水生态系统结构和功能，以及 (2) 利用这种理解来预测全国淡水将如何应对 (i) 多重相互作用 压力和 (ii) 旨在减轻压力和/或改变连通性的管理行动。我们将通过在不同的空间（景观与国家）和时间（亚年到十年与百年）尺度上工作并结合使用互补的完善的和更新颖的分子和稳定同位素技术来实现这些目标。我们将把现有的数据源（例如存档的沉积物岩芯、生物调查和国家数据库中保存的数百万条记录）与有针对性的抽样相结合，以最大限度地提高成本效益并实现跨栖息地和生态系统的广泛覆盖。景观尺度思维已成为自然保护和环境机构的新口号，但目前缺乏确保适应气候变化和支持大规模水生景观保护和恢复所需的知识。在这方面，了解生物多样性和生态系统功能如何应对淡水中不断变化的连通性和压力源至关重要。拟议研究的成果将提供对目前迫切需要的水景观的综合理解。

项目成果

The eukaryome: Diversity and role of microeukaryotic organisms associated with animal hosts

• DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.13490
• 发表时间: 2019-12-27
• 期刊: FUNCTIONAL ECOLOGY
• 影响因子: 5.2
• 作者: del Campo, Javier;Bass, David;Keeling, Patrick J.
• 通讯作者: Keeling, Patrick J.

The Application of eDNA for Monitoring Aquatic Non-Indigenous Species: Practical and Policy Considerations

应用 eDNA 监测水生非本地物种：实践和政策考虑

• DOI: 10.3390/d15050631
• 发表时间: 2023
• 期刊: Diversity
• 作者: Fonseca V

Microeukaryotes in animal and plant microbiomes: Ecologies of disease?

• DOI: 10.1016/j.ejop.2020.125719
• 发表时间: 2020-10-01
• 期刊: EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PROTISTOLOGY
• 影响因子: 2.9
• 作者: Bass, David;del Campo, Javier
• 通讯作者: del Campo, Javier

The evolution of transmission mode.

• DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2016.0083
• 发表时间: 2017-05-05
• 期刊: Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences
• 作者: Antonovics J;Wilson AJ;Forbes MR;Hauffe HC;Kallio ER;Leggett HC;Longdon B;Okamura B;Sait SM;Webster JP
• 通讯作者: Webster JP

Pathogens co-transported with invasive non-native aquatic species: implications for risk analysis and legislation

• DOI: 10.3897/neobiota.69.71358
• 发表时间: 2021-10-18
• 期刊: NEOBIOTA
• 影响因子: 5.1
• 作者: Foster, Rachel;Peeler, Edmund;Bass, David
• 通讯作者: Bass, David