EXPANSION OF THE USEFUL FIELD OF VIEW--LINKS TO DRIVING PERFORMANCE

老年人需要的关键技能之一，以保持 他们的机动性是安全驾驶的能力。直到最近，几乎没有什么 我知道哪些因素会歧视那些年长的司机 那些没有危险的人有坠毁的风险。最新的关于 有用视场(UFOV)已显示出很强的相关性 在UFOV的大小和之前五年的坠毁历史之间 成年人。UFOV的大小也被发现预示着坠机的发生 在评估后的一年中参与其中，比 老年司机的高危人群中的事故与他们的低风险相关 对口单位。此外，UFOV不像许多认知技能那样 随着年龄的增长而衰退，是可以接受训练的。先前的工作已经表明， UFOV可以在任何地方扩大到老年人的60%到300% 在相对较短的时间内，这一培训至少持续 一年，没有进一步的培训。尽管UFOV的大小是 与事故频率有关，改进UFOV对 未来的事故频率尚不清楚。这个项目是两个项目之一 在拟议中的中心，将试图确定这些后果。 在这个项目中，老年司机被认为是由于UFOV而处于危险之中的 Reducts将接受UFOV培训，以便他们的表现 相当于低风险司机(UFOV小于40)。相配的A 一组未经训练的高风险司机和一组低风险司机将 与训练有素的参与者一起接受监测。结果驱动因素 该项目将使用高保真驾驶模拟器 这将允许检查训练过的注意力转移 驾驶任务中注意力部分的技能。此外， 参赛者的事故频度和总体行动能力 在整个项目过程中受到监控。它们之间的关系 对项目I中获得的实地措施的调查结果将有助于 提供一致的证据以了解自然和 UFOV培训对实际驾驶的好处。此外，转让 UFOV训练到其他认知任务，特别是负启动， 将会被检查。因此，在将UFOV训练转移到 驾驶评估正在进行中，该项目将允许对一些 可能成为这一转移基础的理论机制。

One of the critical skills which the elderly need in order to maintain their mobility is the ability to drive safely. Until recently, little has been known about which factors discriminate those elderly drivers who are at risk for crashes from those who are not at risk. Recent work on the Useful Field of View (UFOV) has demonstrated a strong correlational link between the size of the UFOV and prior five year crash histories of older adults. The size of the UFOV was also found to be predictive of crash involvement in the year following assessment with nine times more accidents in a high risk group of older drivers relative to their low risk counterparts. Furthermore, the UFOV, unlike many cognitive skills which decline with age, is amenable to training. Prior work has shown that the UFOV may be expanded anywhere from 60% to as much as 300% in older adults in a relatively brief amount of time and that this training lasts at least one year without further training. Although the size of the UFOV is related to accident frequency, the consequences of improving the UFOV on future accident frequency is unknown. This project is one of two projects in the proposed center which will attempt to determine those consequences. In this project elderly drivers deemed to be at-risk because of UFOV reduction will receive UFOV training so that their performance is equivalent to that of low-risk drivers (UFOV less than 40). A matched group of untrained high-risk drivers and a group of low-risk drivers will be monitored along with the trained participants. The outcome driving measure used in this project will be a high fidelity driving simulator which will permit the examination of the transfer of trained attentional skills to the attentional components of the driving task. In addition, the accident frequency and general mobility of the participants will be monitored over the course of the project. The relationship of these findings to those of the field measures obtained in Project I will help to provide converging evidence toward an understanding of the nature and benefits of UFOV training for actual driving. Furthermore, the transfer of UFOV training to other cognitive tasks, particularly negative priming, will be examined. Thus, at the same time that transfer of UFOV training to driving is being assessed, the project will permit an examination of some of the theoretical mechanisms which may underlie this transfer.