EXPANSION OF THE USEFUL FIELD OF VIEW--LINKS TO DRIVING PERFORMANCE

许多老年人都会受到与年龄相关的临界值下降的影响 支持独立的技能。尤其是身体上、感官上和 认知功能可能会在成年后恶化，而且这种情况很普遍 承认这些缺陷导致了 开展日常活动。此外，这样的功能影响 缺陷可能会使老年人更容易受到伤害，这 会进一步降低机动性和独立性。有一项活动是 经常对保持独立性至关重要，并受到 多种感官和认知因素，都在驱动着。鉴于这种情况仍在继续 流动性对于维护独立的社会契约至关重要 功能和令人满意的生活质量，以及至少一个子集 的老年人将经历行为和生物变化， 将使以后的生活更难移动(特别是驾驶)， 拟议实地项目的主要目标是评价 对功能能力进行简短(15-20分钟)测试的有效性 预测驾驶性能(例如，撞车和罚单)以及 四年内的一般流动性。共有10,000名老年人 (60岁及以上)将在北京的12个机动车管理局执照更新中心进行测试 马里兰州/华盛顿特区地区。1,500名参与者的样本将是 被选中参加的人将被选中参加每年一次的 电话调查。主要的结果衡量标准是撞车事故的数量 以及在最初的一年后的每一年的跟踪期间内的引文 放映。机动性改善的次要结果衡量标准将包括 跌倒的频率，生活空间和驾驶空间的减少。 驾驶任务中注意力部分的技能。此外， 参赛者的事故频度和总体行动能力 在整个项目过程中受到监控。它们之间的关系 对项目I中获得的实地措施的调查结果将有助于 提供一致的证据以了解自然和 UFOV培训对实际驾驶的好处。此外，转让 UFOV训练到其他认知任务，特别是负启动， 将会被检查。因此，在将UFOV训练转移到 驾驶评估正在进行中，该项目将允许对一些 可能成为这一转移基础的理论机制。

Many older adults are subject to age-related declines in the critical skills that support independence. In particular, physical, sensory, and cognitive functions may deteriorate in later adulthood, and it is widely accepted that these deficits contribute to a decline in the ability to carry out everyday activities. In addition, the functional impact of such deficits may make older individuals more susceptible to injuries, which can further reduce mobility and independence. One activity which is frequently crucial to maintaining independence, and which is affected by multiple sensory and cognitive factors, is driving. Given that continued mobility is critical in maintaining social contracts, independent functioning, and a satisfying quality of life, and that at least a subset of older adults will experience behavioral and biological changes which will make mobility (specifically driving) more difficult in later life, the primary objective of the proposed field project is to evaluate the effectiveness of a short (15-20 minute) test of functional abilities, to predict driving performance (i.e., crashes and citations) and changes in general mobility over a four year period. A total of 10,000 older adults (age 60 and older) will be tested at 12 DMV license renewal centers in the Maryland/Washington, D.C. area. A sample of 1,500 participants will be selected to participate will be selected to participate in a yearly telephone survey. The primary outcome measure will be number of crashes and citations in each year of the follow-up period following the initial screening. Secondary outcome measures of mobility improvement will include frequency of falls and reductions of life space and driving space. skills to the attentional components of the driving task. In addition, the accident frequency and general mobility of the participants will be monitored over the course of the project. The relationship of these findings to those of the field measures obtained in Project I will help to provide converging evidence toward an understanding of the nature and benefits of UFOV training for actual driving. Furthermore, the transfer of UFOV training to other cognitive tasks, particularly negative priming, will be examined. Thus, at the same time that transfer of UFOV training to driving is being assessed, the project will permit an examination of some of the theoretical mechanisms which may underlie this transfer.