EXPANSION OF THE USEFUL FIELD OF VIEW--LINKS TO DRIVING PERFORMANCE

扩大有用的视野——与驾驶性能的联系

• 批准号: 5204919
• 负责人: DANIEL L ROENKER
• 金额: --
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 至
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/5204919
• 关键词: aging; attention; cognition; functional ability; human middle age (35-64); human old age (65+); human subject; human very old age (85+); learning transfer; longitudinal human study; performance; questionnaires; training; vehicular accident; vision tests; visual fields; visual perception; visual stimulus

One of the critical skills which the elderly need in order to maintain their mobility is the ability to drive safely. Until recently, little has been known about which factors discriminate those elderly drivers who are at risk for crashes from those who are not at risk. Recent work on the Useful Field of View (UFOV) has demonstrated a strong correlational link between the size of the UFOV and prior five year crash histories of older adults. The size of the UFOV was also found to be predictive of crash involvement in the year following assessment with nine times more accidents in a high risk group of older drivers relative to their low risk counterparts. Furthermore, the UFOV, unlike many cognitive skills which decline with age, is amenable to training. Prior work has shown that the UFOV may be expanded anywhere from 60% to as much as 300% in older adults in a relatively brief amount of time and that this training lasts at least one year without further training. Although the size of the UFOV is related to accident frequency, the consequences of improving the UFOV on future accident frequency is unknown. This project is one of two projects in the proposed center which will attempt to determine those consequences. In this project elderly drivers deemed to be at-risk because of UFOV reduction will receive UFOV training so that their performance is equivalent to that of low-risk drivers (UFOV less than 40). A matched group of untrained high-risk drivers and a group of low-risk drivers will be monitored along with the trained participants. The outcome driving measure used in this project will be a high fidelity driving simulator which will permit the examination of the transfer of trained attentional skills to the attentional components of the driving task. In addition, the accident frequency and general mobility of the participants will be monitored over the course of the project. The relationship of these findings to those of the field measures obtained in Project I will help to provide converging evidence toward an understanding of the nature and benefits of UFOV training for actual driving. Furthermore, the transfer of UFOV training to other cognitive tasks, particularly negative priming, will be examined. Thus, at the same time that transfer of UFOV training to driving is being assessed, the project will permit an examination of some of the theoretical mechanisms which may underlie this transfer.

老年人需要的关键技能之一是 他们的机动性是安全驾驶的能力。直到最近， 我们已经知道哪些因素歧视那些老年司机， 从没有危险的人那里得到了更多的危险。最近关于 有用视野（UFOV）已经证明了一个强相关的联系 UFOV的大小和之前五年的碰撞历史， 成年人了UFOV的大小也被发现可以预测坠毁 在评估后的一年中， 老年驾驶员高风险群体相对于低风险群体的事故发生率 同行此外，UFOV与许多认知技能不同， 随着年龄的增长而下降，可以接受训练。先前的工作表明， 在老年人中，UFOV可能会扩大60%至300% 在相对较短的时间内，这种培训至少持续 一年没有进一步培训。虽然UFOV的大小 与事故频率有关，改善UFOV对 未来事故频率未知。该项目是两个项目之一 在拟议中的中心，这将试图确定这些后果。 在这个项目中，老年司机被认为是在风险，因为不明飞行物 减少将接受UFOV培训，使他们的表现是 相当于低风险驾驶员（UFOV小于40）。匹配 一组未经训练的高风险司机和一组低风险司机将 沿着接受培训的参与者进行监测。结果驱动 在这个项目中使用的措施将是一个高保真驾驶模拟器 这将允许检查受过训练的注意力的转移， 驾驶任务的注意力组成部分。此外该 事故频率和参与者的一般流动性将 在整个项目过程中进行监控。这些关系 项目I中获得的现场测量结果将有助于 为理解自然提供汇聚的证据， UFOV培训对实际驾驶的好处。此外，转让 UFOV训练到其他认知任务，特别是负启动， 将被审查。因此，同时将UFOV培训转移到 驾驶正在接受评估，该项目将允许对一些驾驶进行检查 可能是这种转移的理论机制。