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An Integrated Study of AIR Pollution PROcesses in Beijing (AIRPRO)

北京空气污染过程综合研究（AIRPRO）

基本信息

批准号：
NE/N007115/1
负责人：
Alastair Lewis
金额：
$ 130.49万
依托单位：
University of York
依托单位国家：
英国
项目类别：
Research Grant
财政年份：
2016
资助国家：
英国
起止时间：
2016 至无数据
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=NE%2FN007115%2F1
关键词：
Integrated Study AIR Pollution PROcesses

项目摘要

Air pollution is well established as having major negative impacts on human well-being, vegetation and general quality of life. Whilst the exact biological pathways and mechanisms for health impacts remain to be established, there is ample evidence to demonstrate that months to many years of life expectancy can be lost through exposure to air pollution outside. Those negative impacts are currently disproportionately experienced by those in living the world's largest cities and in rapidly developing economies.The basic causes of air pollution are understood; the combustion of fossil fuels for electricity, transport, cooking and heating, emissions from agriculture, from resource extraction, dust and so on, all play a part. Over the past two centuries economic expansion has always been closely tied to transition periods of increased air pollution and negative social and health outcomes. A key global challenge for the 21st century is to create a framework - scientific, regulatory, and technological - which enables economic development, with increases in individual prosperity and quality of life, without damaging air pollution as a side effect.Many of the processes associated with air pollution are non-linear in nature however, and the extremely complex composition of air, as both gases and particles, can make it very difficult to establish direct cause-and-effect. Pollutants often interact with one another in unexpected ways that can create negative unintended consequences from superficially reasonable policy interventions. This is a key area where scientific understanding remains incomplete. The inability to fully describe the chemistry and physics of the urban atmosphere limits society's ability to create effective solutions that work, and that do not conflict with wider developmental and economic goals. This project tackles some of the key uncertainties that remain in urban air processes, including how polluting chemicals are transformed or oxidised in the atmosphere, how gases and particles interact, how pollution is dispersed by weather, how remote emissions from outside the city impacts on urban populations and how the presence of pollution itself may affect feedback and alter on meteorology in cities. The project focuses its study on three key types of harmful air pollution: particulate matter (referred to as PM), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), and ozone O3. The project is a collaboration between ten UK Universities, three leading Chinese research institutes, all part of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Peking University and three UK partner research organisations (CERC, NPL, Met Office). The project centre-piece are two periods of intensive observations in the centre of Beijing, in the contrasting atmospheric conditions of winter and summer. The experiments will make measurements at the surface, and in the vertical using a unique 1000ft meteorological tower. These experiments will generate a complex and multiparameter dataset that can challenge state of the art computer models of urban pollution. By challenging models with detailed data, their capabilities can be assessed and their weaknesses and failings identified, and then targeted for improvement. This is vital since the pathway to achieving better air quality is through policy that is underpinned by scientific understanding, and in air pollution science, that understanding is encapsulated in these computer models. The project will use state of the art models from the UK and from China, and develop methods to generate very high spatial resolution estimates of pollution at the surface, a type of data that is essential when studying the health effects of pollution, or evaluating how successful a future policy might be.

众所周知，空气污染对人类福祉、植被和总体生活质量都有重大负面影响。虽然健康影响的确切生物学途径和机制仍有待确定，但有充分证据表明，暴露在室外空气污染中可能会损失数月至多年的预期寿命。目前，生活在世界上最大的城市和快速发展的经济体的人们所遭受的负面影响尤为严重。人们了解空气污染的基本原因；燃烧化石燃料发电、运输、烹饪和取暖、农业排放、资源开采、粉尘等，都起到了一定作用。在过去的两个世纪里，经济扩张一直与空气污染加剧以及负面的社会和健康后果的过渡期密切相关。21世纪全球面临的一项关键挑战是建立一个科学、监管和技术框架，使经济发展，提高个人财富和生活质量，同时不产生有害的空气污染。然而，与空气污染有关的许多过程在本质上是非线性的，而空气作为气体和颗粒的极其复杂的组成使得很难确定直接的因果关系。污染物经常以意想不到的方式相互作用，可能从表面上合理的政策干预中产生负面的意想不到的后果。这是一个科学认识仍然不完整的关键领域。无法全面描述城市大气的化学和物理特性，限制了社会创造有效解决方案的能力，这些解决方案既有效，又不与更广泛的发展和经济目标相冲突。这个项目解决了一些城市空气过程中仍然存在的关键不确定性，包括污染化学物质如何在大气中转化或氧化，气体和颗粒如何相互作用，污染如何被天气分散，城市外的远程排放如何影响城市人口以及污染本身的存在如何影响反馈和改变城市气象。该项目重点研究三种关键类型的有害空气污染：颗粒物（简称PM）、二氧化氮（NO2）和臭氧。该项目是由十所英国大学、三所中国领先的研究机构（均隶属于中国科学院、北京大学）和三家英国合作研究机构（CERC、NPL、Met Office）合作完成的。项目的核心部分是在北京市中心的冬季和夏季不同的大气条件下进行两个阶段的密集观测。这些实验将在地表进行测量，并在垂直方向上使用一个独特的1000英尺高的气象塔。这些实验将产生一个复杂的多参数数据集，可以挑战最先进的城市污染计算机模型。通过使用详细的数据挑战模型，可以评估它们的能力，确定它们的弱点和失败，然后针对改进进行改进。这一点至关重要，因为实现更好空气质量的途径是通过以科学理解为基础的政策，而在空气污染科学中，这种理解被封装在这些计算机模型中。该项目将使用来自英国和中国的最先进的模型，并开发方法来生成非常高空间分辨率的地表污染估计，这是研究污染对健康影响或评估未来政策可能成功与否时必不可少的一种数据。

项目成果

期刊论文数量（10）

专著数量（0）

科研奖励数量（0）

会议论文数量（0）

专利数量（0）

Strong anthropogenic control of secondary organic aerosol formation from isoprene in Beijing

DOI：
10.5194/acp-2019-929
发表时间：
2019-10
期刊：
Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics
影响因子：
6.3
作者：
D. Bryant;William J. Dixon;J. Hopkins;R. Dunmore;K. Pereira;M. Shaw;F. Squires;T. Bannan;Archit Mehra;S. Worrall;A. Bacak;H. Coe;C. Percival;L. Whalley;D. Heard;Eloise J. Slater;B. Ouyang;T. Cui;J. Surratt;Di Liu;Zongbo Shi;R. Harrison;Yele Sun;Weiqi Xu;A. Lewis;James D. Lee;A. Rickard;J. Hamilton
通讯作者：
D. Bryant;William J. Dixon;J. Hopkins;R. Dunmore;K. Pereira;M. Shaw;F. Squires;T. Bannan;Archit Mehra;S. Worrall;A. Bacak;H. Coe;C. Percival;L. Whalley;D. Heard;Eloise J. Slater;B. Ouyang;T. Cui;J. Surratt;Di Liu;Zongbo Shi;R. Harrison;Yele Sun;Weiqi Xu;A. Lewis;James D. Lee;A. Rickard;J. Hamilton

Intercomparison of nitrous acid (HONO) measurement techniques in a megacity (Beijing)

DOI：
10.5194/amt-12-6449-2019
发表时间：
2019-12-09
期刊：
ATMOSPHERIC MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES
影响因子：
3.8
作者：
Crilley, Leigh R.;Kramer, Louisa J.;Bloss, William J.
通讯作者：
Bloss, William J.

Street-scale air quality modelling for Beijing during a winter 2016 measurement campaign

DOI：
10.5194/acp-2019-783
发表时间：
2019-09
期刊：
Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics
影响因子：
6.3
作者：
M. Biggart;J. Stocker;R. Doherty;O. Wild;M. Hollaway;Davis Carruthers;Jie Li;Qiang Zhang;
通讯作者：
M. Biggart;J. Stocker;R. Doherty;O. Wild;M. Hollaway;Davis Carruthers;Jie Li;Qiang Zhang;

Supplementary material to "Strong anthropogenic control of secondary organic aerosol formation from isoprene in Beijing"

补充材料