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Advanced UK Observing Network For Air Quality, Public Heath and Greenhouse Gas Research

英国先进的空气质量、公共卫生和温室气体研究观测网络

基本信息

批准号：
NE/R011532/1
负责人：
Alastair Lewis
金额：
$ 547.44万
依托单位：
University of York
依托单位国家：
英国
项目类别：
Research Grant
财政年份：
2017
资助国家：
英国
起止时间：
2017 至无数据
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=NE%2FR011532%2F1
关键词：
Advanced UK Observing Network Air

项目摘要

Emissions of gases and particles to the atmosphere have profound effects across geographic scales, from the very local, on individuals, to the global climate system. Air pollutants include short-lived species that affect human health and damage ecosystems and longer-lived gases that impact on climate processes and stratospheric ozone. There are major outstanding scientific uncertainties associated with measuring i) the emissions, transformations and impacts of air pollution on public health, ii) the natural and man-made budgets of greenhouse gases and iii) the changing nature of ozone depleting chemicals. This is science that is globally significant but that has direct and urgent UK relevance. Science gaps currently limit the effectiveness of efforts to reduce the national health costs of pollution and ecosystem damage, and they create major uncertainties in the delivery of cost-effective greenhouse gas reductions and industry actions to support the recovery of stratospheric ozone.New capital investment is required in a transformative and open access research infrastructure for the UK to support world-leading scientific research in the atmospheric sciences and to deliver key evidence to Government as a co-benefit. The investment will support the UK in its efforts to improve air quality in cities by providing direct evidence of pollution composition, trends and where actions would be effective. Consequently, it will enhance the UK capacity to meet European and national targets for human pollution exposure, for ozone ecosystem exposure, the National Emissions Ceiling Directive and trans-boundary Gothenburg protocol. It will provide unique high precision information on national emissions of greenhouse gases that will demonstrate UK commitments to, and compliance with, its own legally binding targets set out in Climate Change Act and UK actions via UNFCCC, Paris and Montreal Agreements. It will generate science that will give the UK a leadership position for developing global policy on new emerging chemicals, but also provide science that can be used practically at the local scale by individual cities and Local Authorities. All these evidential requirements, if met, have the potential to generate large financial savings (in health costs), economic opportunities for business through effective carbon reduction strategies and improvements in quality of life.The investment would support a new integrated network of long-term atmospheric facilities for research permanently located in the UK: i) New urban air pollution research observatories ("supersites") located in central Manchester, Birmingham and London. ii) A new real-world road transport emissions research capability supporting to improve emissions inventoriesiii) An upgraded national research system for the quantification of UK greenhouse gases, their sources, sinks and emission rates, including improved national calibration facilities for long-lived gases. The investment builds on existing observatory infrastructure in the UK, adding state of the art research instrumentation to some strategically located Defra air pollution monitoring stations in UK cities and to the network of telecoms tall-towers used to verify UK emissions inventories. The capital required is £4.3M in total, predominately composed of commercially available instrumentation, plus some expenditure on bespoke software and data integration capability. The proposal is to deliver the concept by end of 2018. Annual resource/recurrent costs for operation are anticipated to be of the order 8% of capital, and have been confirmed from a mix of sources including HEIs, NERC national capability and other external agencies including Defra, DfT, and Local Authorities.

排放到大气中的气体和颗粒物对各个地理尺度都有深远的影响，从非常局部的个人到全球气候系统。空气污染物包括影响人类健康和破坏生态系统的短寿命物种和影响气候过程和平流层臭氧的长寿命气体。在衡量以下方面存在重大的科学不确定性：（一）空气污染的排放、转化和对公众健康的影响;（二）温室气体的自然和人为预算;（三）臭氧消耗化学品不断变化的性质。这是具有全球意义的科学，但与英国有直接和紧迫的相关性。科学差距目前限制了减少污染和生态系统破坏的国家健康成本的努力的有效性，它们在提供具有成本效益的温室气体减排和支持平流层臭氧恢复的行业行动方面产生了重大的不确定性。英国需要在变革性和开放获取的研究基础设施方面进行新的资本投资，以支持世界-在大气科学领域开展领先的科学研究，并作为共同效益向政府提供关键证据。这项投资将通过提供污染成分、趋势以及行动有效的直接证据，支持英国改善城市空气质量的努力。因此，它将提高联合王国达到欧洲和国家人类污染暴露目标、臭氧生态系统暴露目标、国家排放上限指令和跨界哥德堡议定书的能力。它将提供关于各国温室气体排放的独特的高精度信息，这些信息将表明联合王国承诺并遵守《气候变化法》中规定的具有法律约束力的目标，以及联合王国通过《联合国气候变化框架公约》、巴黎和蒙特利尔协定采取的行动。它将产生的科学，将使英国在制定新出现的化学品的全球政策的领导地位，但也提供了科学，可以在地方规模的个别城市和地方当局实际使用。所有这些证据要求如果得到满足，就有可能节省大量资金（在健康成本方面），通过有效的碳减排战略和改善生活质量为商业带来经济机会。该投资将支持一个新的长期大气研究设施的综合网络，永久位于英国：（i）位于曼彻斯特、伯明翰和伦敦中心的新城市空气污染研究观测站（“超级观测站”）。二）一个新的现实世界道路运输排放研究能力，支持改善排放清单三）一个升级的国家研究系统，量化英国温室气体，其来源，汇和排放率，包括改善国家校准设施的长寿命气体。该投资建立在英国现有的天文台基础设施上，为英国城市中一些战略位置的Defra空气污染监测站以及用于验证英国排放清单的电信高塔网络增加了最先进的研究仪器。所需资本总额为430万英镑，主要由商用仪器组成，另外还有一些定制软件和数据集成能力的支出。该提案将在2018年底前实现这一概念。预计运营的年度资源/经常性成本约为资本的8%，并已从多种来源得到确认，包括高等教育机构、NERC国家能力和其他外部机构，包括Defra、DfT和地方当局。

项目成果

期刊论文数量（10）

专著数量（0）

科研奖励数量（0）

会议论文数量（0）

专利数量（0）

12 years of continuous atmospheric O 2 , CO 2 and APO data from Weybourne Atmospheric Observatory in the United Kingdom

英国韦伯恩大气观测站12年连续大气O 2 、CO 2 和APO数据

DOI：
10.5194/essd-2023-129
发表时间：
2023
期刊：
影响因子：
0
作者：
Adcock K
通讯作者：
Adcock K

An increasing role for solvent emissions and implications for future measurements of volatile organic compounds.

DOI：
10.1098/rsta.2019.0328
发表时间：
2020-10-30
期刊：
Philosophical transactions. Series A, Mathematical, physical, and engineering sciences
影响因子：
0
作者：
Lewis AC;Hopkins JR;Carslaw DC;Hamilton JF;Nelson BS;Stewart G;Dernie J;Passant N;Murrells T
通讯作者：
Murrells T

Increasing ambient surface ozone levels over the UK accompanied by fewer extreme events