权益分类	功能权益	普通用户	{{item.name}}会员
{{category.name}}	{{benefitItem.name}}

Quantifying host species contributions to pathogen transmission in a multihost community: the case of chytrid fungus in amphibian communities

量化宿主物种对多宿主群落中病原体传播的贡献：以两栖动物群落中壶菌为例

基本信息

批准号：
NE/N009967/1
负责人：
Trenton Garner
金额：
$ 34.9万
依托单位：
Zoological Society of London
依托单位国家：
英国
项目类别：
Research Grant
财政年份：
2016
资助国家：
英国
起止时间：
2016 至无数据
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=NE%2FN009967%2F1
关键词：
Quantifying host species contributions pathogen

项目摘要

Many pathogens of global health and conservation concern infect multiple host species. Ebola is a classic example, circulating naturally within a 'reservoir' host community, and with the potential to jump across to another host species with devastating effect. Clearly it is vital to understand how such pathogens are maintained in their host communities, and which species play a major role in spreading those pathogens. However, obtaining that understanding is notoriously hard. We have recently developed a mathematical approach to measure a host community's ability to maintain a pathogen, and identify 'key hosts' that drive pathogen spread. Importantly, unlike previous methods, this approach can be parameterised using relatively coarse-grained, easily-collected data (standard measures of host abundance and infection occurrence). We will provide the first rigorous test of this model, applying it to a natural 'multihost'-pathogen system of major conservation concern: chytrid fungus ('Bd') in amphibian communities. Bd is a major cause of amphibian declines worldwide, but we don't understand how it spreads through or is maintained by amphibian communities. We will apply our mathematical approach to historical and new data, and use it to identify those key hosts, and predict the effect of removing them. Crucially, we will then directly test those predictions by carrying out species removal experiments. Overall this will provide a rigorous test of our mathematical tool, show how host communities affect pathogen spread in general, and provide specific guidelines for the management of Bd in particular.

许多全球健康和保护问题的病原体感染多个宿主物种。埃博拉病毒就是一个典型的例子，它在一个“水库”宿主社区内自然传播，并有可能跨越到另一个宿主物种，造成毁灭性的影响。显然，了解这些病原体如何在其宿主社区中维持，以及哪些物种在传播这些病原体方面发挥主要作用至关重要。然而，获得这种理解是出了名的困难。我们最近开发了一种数学方法来测量宿主社区维持病原体的能力，并确定驱动病原体传播的“关键宿主”。重要的是，与以前的方法不同，这种方法可以使用相对粗粒度，易于收集的数据（宿主丰度和感染发生的标准度量）进行参数化。我们将提供这个模型的第一个严格的测试，将其应用到一个自然的“多宿主”病原体系统的主要保护问题：壶菌（“Bd”）在两栖动物社区。Bd是世界范围内两栖动物减少的主要原因，但我们不知道它是如何通过两栖动物群落传播或维持的。我们将把我们的数学方法应用于历史数据和新数据，并用它来识别这些关键主机，并预测删除它们的影响。至关重要的是，我们将通过进行物种去除实验来直接测试这些预测。总的来说，这将提供一个严格的测试，我们的数学工具，显示宿主社区如何影响病原体的传播一般，并提供具体的指导方针，特别是Bd的管理。