NSFGEO-NERC An unexpected requirement for silicon in coccolithophore calcification: ecological and evolutionary implications.
NSFGEO-NERC 颗石藻钙化过程中对硅的意外需求:生态和进化影响。
基本信息
- 批准号:NE/N011708/1
- 负责人:
- 金额:$ 51.01万
- 依托单位:
- 依托单位国家:英国
- 项目类别:Research Grant
- 财政年份:2016
- 资助国家:英国
- 起止时间:2016 至 无数据
- 项目状态:已结题
- 来源:
- 关键词:
项目摘要
The oceans cover more than three quarters of the surface of the Earth and tiny algae in our seas are responsible for half of all photosynthesis on our planet. These single celled organisms, known as phytoplankton, form the basis of marine food webs and their activities can have an enormous impact on the geology of our planet. One group of phytoplankton known as the coccolithophores produce a covering of calcium carbonate plates (coccoliths) and can form vast blooms in the oceans. When the coccolithophores die, their coccoliths settle to the ocean floor, leading to the formation of sedimentary rocks, such as chalks and limestones.In many parts of the ocean the low availability of nutrients (such as nitrogen and phosphorus) limits phytoplankton growth. Competition for nutrients plays an important role in determining which phytoplankton species can grow in different environments. One of the most successful phytoplankton groups in modern oceans is the diatoms, which are fast-growing, making it difficult for many other phytoplankton types to compete with them. However, diatoms need lots of dissolved silicon to make their silica cell walls. In some marine environments, the availability of silicon limits the growth of diatoms, allowing other phytoplankton (which do not need silicon) to grow in their place.It is commonly thought that the calcifying coccolithophores have no requirement for silicon. However, we have recently discovered that some important coccolithophore species actually possess silicon transporters that are similar to those used by diatoms. Remarkably, we found that these coccolithophores use silicon to make their calcium carbonate coccoliths. Therefore the processes of silica formation in diatoms and calcite production in coccolithophores, which were previously believed to be distinct processes, show a completely unexpected link. These findings have important implications for the evolution of biomineralisation in phytoplankton and for the competitive interactions between coccolithophores and diatoms.Not all coccolithophores show a requirement for silicon. We found that the species responsible for the massive coccolithophore blooms, Emiliania huxleyi, does not possess silicon transporters and exhibits no need for silicon in the calcification process. The absence of a requirement for silicon may have enabled bloom-forming species to grow better in areas where silicon is low (e.g. after a diatom bloom). There is therefore a clear need to understand the role of silicon in coccolithophore biology.In this proposal we will address this issue using a combination of laboratory experiments and computational modelling approaches. Firstly, we will use molecular genetic and laboratory experiments to determine which of the major coccolithophore species exhibit a requirement for silicon. We will then select species for detailed physiological analysis, to determine how silicon contributes to the formation of coccoliths and how coccolithophores take up silicon from the surrounding seawater. These studies will allow us to examine the evolutionary history of the requirement for silicon and determine when certain lineages appear to have lost this trait. Using parameters on Si uptake and usage derived from our experimental work, we will use computer simulations to model global coccolithophore distributions and identify environments where the requirement for Si appears to be playing an important role in coccolithophore ecology.The research will provide novel insight into physiology, ecology and evolution of coccolithophores, including information on how and why coccoliths are produced, which is currently poorly understood. The research will also inform us on the evolution of coccolith formation, which will be vitally important if we are to understand how coccolithophores have been influenced by past changes in the Earth's climate and how they may respond to changes in the future.
海洋覆盖了地球表面的四分之三以上,我们海洋中的微小藻类负责我们星球上一半的光合作用。这些被称为浮游植物的单细胞生物构成了海洋食物网的基础,它们的活动可能会对我们星球的地质产生巨大影响。有一类浮游植物被称为球石生物体,会产生一层碳酸钙板(球石),并能在海洋中形成巨大的水华。当球石生物死亡时,它们的球虫会沉到海底,导致沉积岩的形成,如白垩岩和石灰岩。在海洋的许多地方,营养物质(如氮和磷)的低可获得性限制了浮游植物的生长。对营养物质的竞争在决定哪些浮游植物物种可以在不同的环境中生长方面发挥着重要作用。现代海洋中最成功的浮游植物群体之一是硅藻,它们生长迅速,使得许多其他类型的浮游植物很难与它们竞争。然而,硅藻需要大量的溶解硅来制造它们的硅质细胞壁。在一些海洋环境中,硅的可获得性限制了硅藻的生长,允许其他浮游植物(不需要硅)在它们的地方生长。人们通常认为钙化的球石生物不需要硅。然而,我们最近发现,一些重要的球石菌体物种实际上拥有类似于硅藻使用的硅转运体。值得注意的是,我们发现这些球石发酵体使用硅来制造碳酸钙球石。因此,硅藻中二氧化硅的形成过程和球石生物体中方解石的产生过程,以前被认为是不同的过程,显示出完全意想不到的联系。这些发现对浮游植物的生物矿化演化以及球藻和硅藻之间的竞争性相互作用具有重要的意义。并不是所有的球藻都需要硅。我们发现,负责大规模球藻爆发的物种Emily huxleyi不具有硅转运体,在钙化过程中也不需要硅。对硅的需求的缺乏可能使形成水华的物种能够在硅含量较低的地区更好地生长(例如在硅藻水华之后)。因此,显然有必要了解硅在球藻生物中的作用。在这项建议中,我们将结合实验室实验和计算建模方法来解决这个问题。首先,我们将使用分子遗传学和实验室实验来确定哪些主要的球石菌体物种显示出对硅的需求。然后,我们将选择物种进行详细的生理分析,以确定硅如何促进球石的形成,以及球石如何从周围的海水中吸收硅。这些研究将使我们能够研究对硅的需求的进化史,并确定某些谱系似乎失去了这一特征。利用我们的实验工作得出的有关硅吸收和利用的参数,我们将使用计算机模拟来模拟全球球虫生物体的分布,并确定对硅的需求似乎在球虫生物体生态中发挥重要作用的环境。这项研究将提供对球虫生物体的生理学、生态学和进化的新见解,包括关于球虫如何以及为什么产生的信息,目前对此知之甚少。这项研究还将使我们了解球石形成的演化,如果我们要了解球石如何受到过去地球气候变化的影响,以及它们可能如何应对未来的变化,这将是至关重要的。
项目成果
期刊论文数量(10)
专著数量(0)
科研奖励数量(0)
会议论文数量(0)
专利数量(0)
The role of coccolithophore calcification in bioengineering their environment.
- DOI:10.1098/rspb.2016.1099
- 发表时间:2016-06-29
- 期刊:
- 影响因子:0
- 作者:Flynn KJ;Clark DR;Wheeler G
- 通讯作者:Wheeler G
Effects of Temperature and Light on Methane Production of Widespread Marine Phytoplankton
- DOI:10.1029/2020jg005793
- 发表时间:2020-09-01
- 期刊:
- 影响因子:3.7
- 作者:Klintzsch, T.;Langer, G.;Keppler, F.
- 通讯作者:Keppler, F.
A critical trade-off between nitrogen quota and growth allows Coccolithus braarudii life cycle phases' to exploit varying environment
氮配额和生长之间的关键权衡使得布氏颗石藻生命周期阶段能够利用不同的环境
- DOI:10.5194/egusphere-2023-880
- 发表时间:2023
- 期刊:
- 影响因子:0
- 作者:De Vries J
- 通讯作者:De Vries J
Haplo-diplontic life cycle expands coccolithophore niche
- DOI:10.5194/bg-18-1161-2021
- 发表时间:2021-02-16
- 期刊:
- 影响因子:4.9
- 作者:de Vries, Joost;Monteiro, Fanny;Brownlee, Colin
- 通讯作者:Brownlee, Colin
The role of the cytoskeleton in biomineralisation in haptophyte algae.
- DOI:10.1038/s41598-017-15562-8
- 发表时间:2017-11-13
- 期刊:
- 影响因子:4.6
- 作者:Durak GM;Brownlee C;Wheeler GL
- 通讯作者:Wheeler GL
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Glen Wheeler其他文献
The emp/em-elastic flow for planar closed curves with constant parametrization
具有恒定参数化的平面闭曲线的 emp/em 弹性流
- DOI:
10.1016/j.matpur.2023.02.001 - 发表时间:
2023-05-01 - 期刊:
- 影响因子:2.300
- 作者:
Shinya Okabe;Glen Wheeler - 通讯作者:
Glen Wheeler
A simple but effective bushfire model: analysis and real-time simulations
简单但有效的丛林火灾模型:分析和实时模拟
- DOI:
- 发表时间:
2024 - 期刊:
- 影响因子:0
- 作者:
S. Dipierro;E. Valdinoci;Glen Wheeler;V. Wheeler - 通讯作者:
V. Wheeler
Abiotic stress-induced chloroplast and cytosolic Ca2+dynamics in the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii
绿藻莱茵衣藻非生物胁迫诱导的叶绿体和胞质 Ca2 动力学
- DOI:
- 发表时间:
2024 - 期刊:
- 影响因子:0
- 作者:
Matteo Pivato;Alex Costa;Glen Wheeler;Matteo Ballottari - 通讯作者:
Matteo Ballottari
CHEN'S CONJECTURE AND ε-SUPERBIHARMONIC SUBMANIFOLDS OF RIEMANNIAN MANIFOLDS
陈猜想与黎曼流形ε-超调和子流形
- DOI:
10.1142/s0129167x13500286 - 发表时间:
2013 - 期刊:
- 影响因子:0
- 作者:
Glen Wheeler - 通讯作者:
Glen Wheeler
Convergence of Solutions to a Convective Cahn-Hilliard-Type Equation of the Sixth Order in Case of Small Deposition Rates
小沉积率情况下六阶对流 Cahn-Hilliard 型方程解的收敛性
- DOI:
- 发表时间:
2022 - 期刊:
- 影响因子:2
- 作者:
P. Rybka;Glen Wheeler - 通讯作者:
Glen Wheeler
Glen Wheeler的其他文献
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{{ truncateString('Glen Wheeler', 18)}}的其他基金
NSFGEO-NERC: Novel imaging, physiology and numerical approaches for understanding biologically mediated, unsteady sinking in marine diatoms
NSFGEO-NERC:用于了解海洋硅藻生物介导的不稳定下沉的新颖成像、生理学和数值方法
- 批准号:
NE/V013343/1 - 财政年份:2021
- 资助金额:
$ 51.01万 - 项目类别:
Research Grant
Assessing how cell size constrains carbon uptake in diatoms using direct measurements of cell surface carbonate chemistry
通过直接测量细胞表面碳酸盐化学来评估细胞大小如何限制硅藻的碳吸收
- 批准号:
NE/T000848/1 - 财政年份:2020
- 资助金额:
$ 51.01万 - 项目类别:
Research Grant
MICRO-INTERACT - Laser capture micro-dissection for identification of novel interactions within the plankton that underpin marine carbon cycling
微交互 - 激光捕获微解剖,用于识别支撑海洋碳循环的浮游生物内的新型相互作用
- 批准号:
NE/T009195/1 - 财政年份:2019
- 资助金额:
$ 51.01万 - 项目类别:
Research Grant
The role of ciliary Ca2+ signalling in the regulation of intraflagellar transport
纤毛 Ca2 信号传导在鞭毛内运输调节中的作用
- 批准号:
BB/M02508X/1 - 财政年份:2015
- 资助金额:
$ 51.01万 - 项目类别:
Research Grant
H+ fluxes in phytoplankton - a mechanistic and modelling study of their physiological roles and impact upon community responses to ocean acidification
浮游植物中的 H 通量 - 其生理作用及其对海洋酸化群落反应影响的机制和模型研究
- 批准号:
NE/J021296/1 - 财政年份:2012
- 资助金额:
$ 51.01万 - 项目类别:
Research Grant
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