ODOR AFFECTIVITY--ANTERIOR TEMPORAL LOBECTOMY

气味感受性——前颞叶切除术

• 批准号: 6243296
• 负责人: Dawn Bowers
• 金额: $ 7.68万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1997
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1997-09-30 至 1998-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/6243296
• 关键词: behavioral /social science research tag; brain interhemispheric activity; emotions; human subject; interhemispheric transfer; neural information processing; olfactions; olfactory stimulus; psychophysiology; split brain; startle reaction; stimulus /response

From a neurobiological perspective, emotion involves a complex interaction between core limbic structures and overlying cortex. Recent evidence suggests that the two cerebral hemispheres play different roles in modulating the components of emotional behavior, although the precise manner by which this occurs is controversial. The global right hemisphere model posits that neural systems within the right hemisphere are crucially involved in all aspects of emotional behavior. In contrast, the bivalent model posits that anterior regions of the right hemisphere (RH) mediate the experience of negative/withdrawal emotions, whereas the left hemisphere (LH) mediates positive/approach emotions. To address this, patients with strokes of the RH or LH will be presented standardized sets of emotion-eliciting stimuli (affective slides, emotional nonverbal sounds, emotional sentences) that are positively and negatively toned. During these tasks, multiple measures of emotional responsivity will be obtained including psychophysiological (heart rate, bilateral SCR), somatic (bilateral facial EMG), startle eyeblinks, and verbal report measures. As designed, the proposed studies will enable us to determine how focal cortical lesions of the LH or RH differentially alter emotional reactivity, and whether their alteration is valence- specific, material-specific, modality-specific, or "measure" specific. The following questions will be addressed: (a) Is there differential decoupling among the emotion response systems (i.e., HR, SCR, facial EMG, eyeblink, verbal report) due to the integrity of right vs. left cortical regions? To date, prior neurobehavioral studies of emotion have relied almost exclusively on evaluation of only one response system of emotion (i.e., verbal report, or SCR) at a time; (b) Is valence modulation of the startle response differently affected by lesions within the right versus left hemisphere, and is intrahemispheric lesion site important? Recent evidence from normals suggests that the magnitude of the startle eyeblink reflex is augmented during negative affective states and diminished during positive affective states. No human data currently exist concerning which cortical area(s) might contribute to affective modulation of the startle response, or whether hemispheric asymmetries might exist; (c) Are findings more consistent with a global right hemisphere versus a bivalent model of emotional processing?

从神经生物学的角度来看，情绪涉及一种复杂的 核心边缘结构和上覆皮层之间的相互作用。 最近 有证据表明，两个大脑半球扮演着不同的角色， 在调节情绪行为的组成部分，虽然精确的 这种情况发生的方式是有争议的。 全球右派 大脑半球模型假设右半球的神经系统 与情绪行为的各个方面都密切相关。 在 相比之下，二价模型假设右前区 大脑半球（RH）介导消极/退缩情绪的体验， 而左半球（LH）介导积极/接近情绪。 为了解决这一问题，将介绍RH或LH卒中患者 标准化的情绪诱发刺激组（情感幻灯片， 情绪化的非语言声音，情绪化的句子）是积极的， 消极的语气 在这些任务中，多种情绪测量 将获得包括心理生理学（心率， 双侧SCR）、躯体（双侧面部EMG）、惊吓眨眼，以及 口头报告措施。 按照设计，拟议的研究将使 我们来确定LH或RH的局灶性皮质病变如何区分 改变情绪反应，以及它们的改变是否是效价， 具体、具体材料、具体方式或具体“措施”。 将讨论以下问题：（a）是否存在差别 情感响应系统之间的解耦（即，心率可控硅面部肌电图 眨眼，口头报告），由于右侧与左侧皮质的完整性 地区？ 到目前为止，以前的情绪神经行为研究依赖于 几乎完全依赖于一个情绪反应系统的评估 (i.e.,口头报告，或SCR）;（B）是效价调制的 惊吓反应受右侧病变的影响不同， 左半球，半球内病变部位重要吗？ 最近 来自正常人的证据表明， 反射在消极情感状态下增强， 在积极的情感状态下。 目前没有人类数据 关于哪些皮层区域可能有助于情感 惊吓反应的调节，或者大脑半球的不对称 （c）调查结果是否更符合全球权利 大脑半球和情绪处理的二价模型之间的对比