Characterization of major overburden leakage pathways above sub-seafloor CO2 storage reservoirs in the North Sea (CHIMNEY)

北海海底 CO2 储存库上方主要覆盖层泄漏路径的特征（烟囱）

• 批准号: NE/N016041/1
• 负责人: Angus Best
• 金额: $ 56万
• 依托单位: NATIONAL OCEANOGRAPHY CENTRE
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2016
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2016 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=NE%2FN016041%2F1
• 关键词: Characterization; major; overburden; leakage; pathways

Industrial emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2), including fossil fuel power generation, are recognised as a likely agent of global climate change and acidification of the oceans, but most economies will remain dependent on these technologies for the next few decades. Carbon dioxide Capture and Storage (CCS) has been identified as an important way of reducing the amount of CO2 added to the atmosphere. CCS is seen as making a key contribution to reducing mankind's greenhouse gas emissions by 80-95% by 2050 and keeping climate change derived temperature increases below 2 degrees C, as outlined in European Commission policy. In addition, CCS is considered an important way of reducing the cost of mitigation measures around the continued use of fossil fuels. Offshore storage of CO2 in depleted oil and gas reservoirs and saline aquifers is the option of choice for most European nations, and there is currently one operational storage complex (Sleipner, Norway), and several other commercial scale demonstration projects are in late stages of development (e.g. ROAD-Netherlands, Peterhead and White Rose-UK), and expected to be in full operation by 2020. A key element of CCS offshore is that there is confidence that the risks of any leakage are understood. The location and potential intensity of any possible CO2 leakage at the seafloor are critically dependent on the distribution of fluid (dissolved and gaseous CO2) pathways in the rocks overlying the reservoirs in which the CO2 is stored, and on the ability of these pathways to transmit fluid (termed permeability). Recent studies of the structure of marine sedimentary rocks in the North and Norwegian Seas have revealed that near-vertical structures, which resemble chimneys or pipes, cross-cut the sedimentary sequence. These structures may be pathways for fluid flow. Natural fluids from deeper rock layers have migrated through these structures at some point in geological time. If CO2 leaking from sub-seafloor storage reservoirs reaches the base of these structures, and if their permeability is sufficiently high, they could act as CO2 leakage pathways towards the seafloor and overlying water column. To provide a reliable prediction of potential seafloor seep sites, the degree to which these pathways are continuous and especially their permeability needs to be better understood.In this project (CHIMNEY) we will collect new data over a chimney structure within the North Sea by using a ship to make new and unusual measurements with sound waves. We will use several different marine sound sources to make images of the chimney, using receivers at the sea surface, and also record the sound arrivals on sea bed instruments known as ocean bottom seismometers. By looking at the sound travel paths through the sub-surface from a range of directions and frequencies we will obtain information about fractures/fluid pathways in the chimney as well as the surrounding rocks. We will calibrate and understand our marine seismic results using laboratory studies of materials (synthetic rocks) that mimic the sub-surface rocks. By understanding the propagation of sound through synthetic rocks with known fluid pathways we can understand the results of the marine experiment. We will also drill into the chimney and collect core samples which we will analyse for core geology and fluid chemistry. A computer model of the sub-surface chimney will be constructed combining the results of the seismic experiment, rock physics, and chemistry. We will work with companies involved in CCS to build realistic computer models of fluid flow that tell us about the risk of leakage from chimney structures generally within the North Sea that are relevant to Carbon Dioxide Capture and Storage.

包括化石燃料发电在内的二氧化碳（CO2）的工业排放量被认为是全球气候变化和海洋酸化的可能推动者，但大多数经济体将在未来几十年中依赖这些技术。二氧化碳捕获和存储（CCS）已被确定为减少添加到大气中的二氧化碳量的重要方法。如欧盟委员会的政策所述，CCS被视为为将人类的温室气体排放量减少80-95％，并将气候变化衍生的温度升高到2度C以下，如欧盟委员会的政策所述，这是对将人类温室气体排放量减少80-95％的关键贡献。此外，CCS被认为是降低围绕继续使用化石燃料的缓解措施成本的重要方法。对于大多数欧洲国家而言，在耗尽的石油和天然气储层和盐水含水层中，二氧化碳的近海存储是选择的选择，目前有一个运营储存综合体（Sleipner，挪威），其他几个商业规模的演示项目都在后期的开发阶段，例如，纽约市，彼得黑德和白色的玫瑰花exce ats in Is the Is of 2020 a extecc a eyters of 2020。了解任何泄漏的风险。在海底的任何可能的CO2泄漏的位置和潜在强度都严重取决于在岩石中流体（溶解和气体CO2）途径的分布，这些岩石上覆盖了储存CO2的储层，以及这些途径的能力，这些途径能够传播流体流体（已被称为越常）。最近关于北部和挪威海洋海洋沉积岩结构的研究表明，类似于烟囱或管道的近垂直结构横切了沉积序列。这些结构可能是流体流动的途径。在地质时期的某个时候，来自较深岩层的天然流体已经通过这些结构迁移。如果二氧化碳从地下存储库中泄漏到这些结构的底部，并且它们的渗透性足够高，则可以充当通向海底和上覆盖水柱的二氧化碳泄漏途径。为了对潜在的海底渗水站点进行可靠的预测，这些途径是连续的，尤其是它们的渗透性的程度。在该项目（烟囱）中，我们将通过使用船只在北海进行烟囱结构的新数据来收集新的数据，并通过船上对声波进行新的和不寻常的测量。我们将使用几种不同的海洋声源来制作烟囱的图像，并使用海面的接收器，并记录在称为海底地震仪的海床仪器上的声音。通过从各个方向和频率中查看穿过次面的声音行进路径，我们将获得有关烟囱和周围岩石中裂缝/流体途径的信息。我们将使用模仿地下岩石的材料（合成岩石）的实验室研究来校准和理解我们的海洋地震结果。通过了解具有已知流体途径的合成岩石传播，我们可以理解海洋实验的结果。我们还将钻入烟囱并收集核心样品，我们将分析核心地质和流体化学。将构建一个地下烟囱的计算机模型，结合了地震实验，岩石物理和化学的结果。我们将与参与CCS的公司合作，以建立实际的流体流量计算机模型，以告诉我们有关烟囱结构通常在北海范围内与二氧化碳捕获和存储相关的泄漏风险。

项目成果

Pockmarks in the Witch Ground Basin, Central North Sea

北海中部女巫地盆地的麻子

• DOI: 10.1029/2018gc008068
• 发表时间: 2019
• 期刊: Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems
• 作者: Böttner C

Effects of aligned fractures on the response of velocity and attenuation ratios to water saturation variation: a laboratory study using synthetic sandstones

• DOI: 10.1111/1365-2478.12378
• 发表时间: 2016-07
• 期刊: Geophysical Prospecting
• 影响因子: 2.6
• 作者: Kelvin Amalokwu;A. Best;M. Chapman

Forensic mapping of seismic velocity heterogeneity in a CO2 layer at the Sleipner CO2 storage operation, North Sea, using time-lapse seismics

• DOI: 10.1016/j.ijggc.2019.102793
• 发表时间: 2019-11-01
• 期刊: INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF GREENHOUSE GAS CONTROL
• 影响因子: 3.9
• 作者: Chadwick, R. A.;Williams, G. A.;Falcon-Suarez, I
• 通讯作者: Falcon-Suarez, I

CO 2 -Brine Substitution Effects on Ultrasonic Wave Propagation Through Sandstone With Oblique Fractures

CO 2 -盐水替代对超声波在斜裂缝砂岩中传播的影响

• DOI: 10.1029/2020gl088439
• 发表时间: 2020
• 期刊: Geophysical Research Letters
• 影响因子: 5.2
• 作者: Falcon-Suarez I

Characterisation and multifaceted anisotropy assessment of Corvio sandstone for geological CO 2 storage studies

用于 CO 2 地质封存研究的 Corvio 砂岩的表征和多方面各向异性评估

• DOI: 10.1111/1365-2478.12469
• 发表时间: 2016
• 期刊: Geophysical Prospecting
• 影响因子: 2.6
• 作者: Falcon-Suarez I