Citizen science for landslide risk reduction and disaster resilience building in mountain regions

山区山体滑坡风险减少和抗灾能力建设的公民科学

• 批准号: NE/P000452/1
• 负责人: Wouter Buytaert
• 金额: $ 175.36万
• 依托单位: Imperial College London
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2016
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2016 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=NE%2FP000452%2F1
• 关键词: Citizen; science; landslide; risk; reduction

Mountains are hotspot of natural disasters, in particular those related to landslides. At the same time, scientific understanding about the natural processes that cause these disasters is lagging behind, because of the complexity of the physical environment and the difficulties facing data collection. The impact of these disasters on society is very high, especially because mountain regions often host less developed infrastructure and vulnerable populations. As a result, there is an urgent need to improve our understanding about how natural disasters in mountain regions occur, how they can be mitigated, and how people at risk can be made more resilient.This proposal will leverage recent technological and conceptual breakthroughs in environmental data collection, processing and communication to leapfrog resilience building in data-scarce and poor mountain communities in South Asia. In particular, we identify three convergent evolutions that hold great promise. First, technological developments in sensor networks and data management allow for participatory and grass-roots data collection and citizen science. Second, web- and cloud based ICT makes it possible to build more powerful analysis and prediction systems, assimilating heterogeneous data sources and tracking uncertainties. Lastly, this enables a more tailored and targeted flow of information for knowledge co-creation and decision-making. These evolutions are part of a trend towards more bottom-up and participatory approaches to the generation of scientific evidence that supports decision making on environmental processes, which is often referred to as "citizen science". We believe that a citizen science approach is particularly promising in remote mountain environments, because improving resilience and humanitarian response in these regions are inherently polycentric activities: a wide range of actors is involved in generating relevant information and scientific evidence, in decision-making and policy building, and in implementing actions both during a hazard and before and after. It is therefore paramount to strengthen the flow of information between these centres of activity, to make best use of existing knowledge, to identify the major knowledge gaps, and to allocate resources to eliminate these gaps.We will use the Karnali basin in Western Nepal as a pilot study. The Karnali basin is a remote and understudied basin that suffers from a complex interplay of natural hazards, including hydrologically-induced landslides and cascading hazards such as flooding. Over the last years, these hazards have caused serious damage to local infrastructure (e.g., roads, irrigation canals, houses, bridges) and affected livelihoods (e.g., 34760 families in the August 2014 floods).Using cost-effective sensor technologies, we will implement grass-roots monitoring of precipitation, river flow, soil moisture, and geomorphology. We will use those data to analyse meteorological extremes, and their impact on spatiotemporal patterns of landslide risk. By merging these data will other data sources such as satellite imagery, we aim to generate landslide risk maps at unprecedented resolution.At the same time, our participatory citizen science approach will enable us to design and implement a framework for bottom-up and polycentric community disaster resilience, based upon knowledge co-generation and sharing.Lastly, we will build upon the existing community-based flood early warning system implemented by our partner Practical Action Nepal, to create a comprehensive multi-hazard early warning system and knowledge exchange platform. For this, we will leverage recent developments in open-standards based, decentralized data processing and knowledge dissemination, such as mobile phones and web-interfaces.

山区是自然灾害的热点地区，尤其是滑坡灾害。与此同时，由于自然环境的复杂性和数据收集面临的困难，对造成这些灾害的自然过程的科学认识滞后。这些灾害对社会的影响非常大，特别是因为山区往往有欠发达的基础设施和弱势人口。因此，我们迫切需要更好地了解山区自然灾害是如何发生的，如何减轻这些灾害，以及如何使处于风险中的人们具有更强的抗灾能力，这一提议将利用环境数据收集、处理和交流方面最近的技术和概念突破，在南亚缺乏数据和贫穷的山区社区实现抗灾能力建设的飞跃。特别是，我们确定了三个具有巨大希望的趋同演变。首先，传感器网络和数据管理方面的技术发展使人们能够进行参与性的基层数据收集和公民科学。其次，基于网络和云的ICT使构建更强大的分析和预测系统成为可能，吸收异构数据源并跟踪不确定性。最后，这使信息流动能够更有针对性和更有针对性，以促进知识的共同创造和决策。这些演变是一种趋势的一部分，这种趋势倾向于采用更多的自下而上和参与性办法来产生科学证据，以支持关于环境进程的决策，这通常被称为“公民科学”。我们认为，公民科学方法在偏远山区环境中特别有前途，因为提高这些地区的复原力和人道主义反应本身就是多中心活动：广泛的行为者参与生成相关信息和科学证据，决策和政策建设，以及在灾害期间和之前和之后实施行动。因此，加强这些活动中心之间的信息流动，最大限度地利用现有知识，确定主要的知识差距，并分配资源消除这些差距，是至关重要的。Karnali盆地是一个偏远和研究不足的盆地，遭受着复杂的自然灾害相互作用，包括水文引起的山体滑坡和洪水等级联灾害。在过去几年中，这些灾害对当地基础设施造成了严重破坏（例如，道路、灌溉渠、房屋、桥梁）和受影响的生计（例如，利用具有成本效益的传感器技术，对降水、河流流量、土壤水分、地貌等进行基层监测。我们将利用这些数据分析极端气象现象及其对滑坡风险时空模式的影响。通过将这些数据与其他数据源（如卫星图像）合并，我们的目标是以前所未有的分辨率生成滑坡风险地图。同时，我们的参与式公民科学方法将使我们能够设计和实施一个自下而上和多中心的社区抗灾框架，该框架基于知识的共同生成和共享。最后，我们将在我们的合作伙伴尼泊尔实际行动组织实施的现有社区洪水预警系统的基础上，建立一个全面的多灾害预警系统和知识交流平台。为此，我们将利用基于开放标准的分散数据处理和知识传播的最新发展，例如移动的电话和网络界面。

项目成果

OPERATIONALIZING POLYCENTRICITY FOR LANDSCAPE RESILIENCE

实施多中心性以提高景观复原力

• DOI: 10.15302/j-laf-1-010002
• 发表时间: 2019
• 期刊: Landscape Architecture Frontiers
• 影响因子: 0.7
• 作者: LIU W

A framework for understanding water-related multi-hazards in a sustainable development context

• DOI: 10.1177/0309133319900926
• 发表时间: 2020-01-30
• 期刊: PROGRESS IN PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY-EARTH AND ENVIRONMENT
• 影响因子: 3.9
• 作者: Docherty, Julia M.;Mao, Feng;Hannah, David M.
• 通讯作者: Hannah, David M.

The challenge of unprecedented floods and droughts in risk management.

• DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-04917-5
• 发表时间: 2022-08
• 期刊: NATURE
• 影响因子: 64.8
• 作者: Kreibich, Heidi;Van Loon, Anne F.;Schroeter, Kai;Ward, Philip J.;Mazzoleni, Maurizio;Sairam, Nivedita;Abeshu, Guta Wakbulcho;Agafonova, Svetlana;AghaKouchak, Amir;Aksoy, Hafzullah;Alvarez-Garreton, Camila;Aznar, Blanca;Balkhi, Laila;Barendrecht, Marlies H.;Biancamaria, Sylvain;Bos-Burgering, Liduin;Bradley, Chris;Budiyono, Yus;Buytaert, Wouter;Capewell, Lucinda;Carlson, Hayley;Cavus, Yonca;Couasnon, Anais;Coxon, Gemma;Daliakopoulos, Ioannis;de Ruiter, Marleen C.;Delus, Claire;Erfurt, Mathilde;Esposito, Giuseppe;Francois, Didier;Frappart, Frederic;Freer, Jim;Frolova, Natalia;Gain, Animesh K.;Grillakis, Manolis;Grima, Jordi Oriol;Guzman, Diego A.;Huning, Laurie S.;Ionita, Monica;Kharlamov, Maxim;Khoi, Dao Nguyen;Kieboom, Natalie;Kireeva, Maria;Koutroulis, Aristeidis;Lavado-Casimiro, Waldo;Li, Hong-Yi;LLasat, Maria Carmen;Macdonald, David;Mard, Johanna;Mathew-Richards, Hannah;McKenzie, Andrew;Mejia, Alfonso;Mendiondo, Eduardo Mario;Mens, Marjolein;Mobini, Shifteh;Mohor, Guilherme Samprogna;Nagavciuc, Viorica;Thanh Ngo-Duc;Thi Thao Nguyen Huynh;Pham Thi Thao Nhi;Petrucci, Olga;Hong Quan Nguyen;Quintana-Segui, Pere;Razavi, Saman;Ridolfi, Elena;Riegel, Jannik;Sadik, Md Shibly;Savelli, Elisa;Sazonov, Alexey;Sharma, Sanjib;Sorensen, Johanna;Souza, Felipe Augusto Arguello;Stahl, Kerstin;Steinhausen, Max;Stoelzle, Michael;Szalinska, Wiwiana;Tang, Qiuhong;Tian, Fuqiang;Tokarczyk, Tamara;Tovar, Carolina;Tran, Thi Van Thu;Van Huijgevoort, Marjolein H. J.;van Vliet, Michelle T. H.;Vorogushyn, Sergiy;Wagener, Thorsten;Wang, Yueling;Wendt, Doris E.;Wickham, Elliot;Yang, Long;Zambrano-Bigiarini, Mauricio;Bloschl, Gunter;Di Baldassarre, Giuliano
• 通讯作者: Di Baldassarre, Giuliano

Roads, Landslides and Local Socio-ecological Resilience in Far Western Nepal

尼泊尔远西部地区的道路、山体滑坡和当地社会生态恢复力

• 发表时间: 2019
• 作者: Khadka P

The power to define resilience in social-hydrological systems: Toward a power-sensitive resilience framework

• DOI: 10.1002/wat2.1377
• 发表时间: 2019-09-09
• 期刊: WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-WATER
• 影响因子: 8.2
• 作者: Dewulf, Art;Karpouzoglou, Timos;Buytaert, Wouter
• 通讯作者: Buytaert, Wouter