AFIRE - Assessing ENSO-induced Fire Impacts in tropical Rainforest Ecosystems

AFIRE - 评估 ENSO 引起的热带雨林生态系统火灾影响

• 批准号: NE/P004512/1
• 负责人: Jos Barlow
• 金额: $ 30.39万
• 依托单位: Lancaster University
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2016
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2016 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=NE%2FP004512%2F1
• 关键词: AFIRE; Assessing; ENSO; induced; Fire

Tropical forests store more than a half of the world's forest carbon and produce over one third of the productivity of all terrestrial systems. They are also biodiversity hotspots, and host a large proportion of the world's terrestrial flora and fauna. However, growing evidence shows that the ability of tropical forests to perform important ecosystem services (i.e. carbon sequestration and biodiversity conservation) has been dramatically reduced by multiple pressures associated with human-induced forest disturbances (e.g. agriculture, logging, fire and fragmentation) and extreme climate events. Of these disturbances, fire represents of the greatest threats. Rainforests have not co-evolved with fire, and species have not adapted to withstand fire or the changes it imposes on the forests. Yet today, ignition sources are common in most human-modified regions, as many local farmers living within tropical forests traditionally use fire as a management technique to prepare their land for planting. This is compounded by selective logging and fragmentation, which increase the flammability of the remaining forests. Critically, fires are much more likely to escape their target area and enter the surrounding forests during severe drought events.This is exactly what happened during the current 2015-16 El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) - considered one of the three strongest events ever recorded. The prolonged dry season allowed thousands of fires to get out of control in Amazonian and SE Asian tropical rainforests. Specifically in the Brazilian Amazon, the end of 2015 was marked by over 87,000 fire events, a 48% increase in relation to 2014 (a non-ENSO year). As a result, the widespread wildfires affected half of our 20 permanent plots near the Santarém region in the state of Pará, while fortunately preserving the other ten plots unburned. The Sustainable Amazon Network (SAN) has established these plots along a gradient of forest modification in 2010, and since 2014 a joint project between UK and Brazilian scientists (ECOFOR) has been carrying out research in this region. Consequently, the work we are proposing here benefits from unique and detailed pre-fire information on carbon dynamics and plant functional traits (from ECOFOR) as well as the distribution of three distinct taxa (birds, dung beetles and plants) and secondary seed dispersal processes (from SAN). Uniquely our network of permanent plots is established along an existing gradient of forest modification before the 2015 fires, allowing us to undertake the first rigorous evaluation of fire effects across different forest disturbance classes. This ability to examine fire impacts using detailed pre-fire data allows us to develop three major avenues of research across a human-modified gradient of forest disturbances: (1) the impacts of very severe wildfires on plant communities and carbon dynamics, assessing therefore which plant functional traits may predict species mortality, survival and recruitment; (2) an investigation into the fire impacts on forest fauna (i.e. birds and dung beetles) and associated seed dispersal processes; and (3) the development of a detailed understanding of scale and impacts of the current extreme ENSO-event, exploring the relationship between remote sensing information and ground-based measures. The better linkages between remote-sensing products and actual measures of fire severity will allow us to scale up the carbon emission and biodiversity loss estimates across the whole region. The results fo AFIRE are critically important, as tropical forests around the world may be threatened by drier, hotter and longer dry seasons with climate change. Our findings will help inform mitigation strategies to manage the impacts of future ENSO-mediated droughts and severe wildfires on tropical forests. We also expect AFIRE plots to form the basis of much longer-term research on the impacts of tropical wildfire

热带森林存储了世界森林碳的一半以上，并产生了所有陆地系统生产力的三分之一。它们也是生物多样性的热点，并拥有世界上大部分陆地动植物。然而，越来越多的证据表明，热带森林执行重要的生态系统服务（即碳固存和生物多样性保护）的能力已被与人类诱发的森林干扰相关的多种压力（例如农业，记录，火灾，火灾和碎片化）和极端气候事件而大大降低。在这些令人惊讶的事件中，火是最大的威胁。雨林尚未与火共同发展，物种并未适应火或在森林上不可能的变化。然而，如今，点火源在大多数人类改装的地区很常见，因为传统上生活在热带森林中的许多当地农民将火力用作管理技术来为其种植准备土地。选择性记录和碎片化使它更加复杂，从而增加了其余森林的燃烧性。至关重要的是，在严重的干旱事件中，大火更有可能逃脱目标区域并进入周围的森林。这正是目前在2015 - 16年厄尔尼诺南部振荡（ENSO）中发生的事情 - 被认为是有史以来记录的三个强大事件之一。长时间的干旱季节使成千上万的大火在亚马逊和东南亚洲热带雨林中失控。特别是在巴西亚马逊，2015年底以超过87,000次火灾事件为标志，与2014年（非兴趣年）相关的增长了48％。结果，宽度野火影响了我们在巴拉州的Santarém地区附近的20个永久地块中的一半，同时幸运地保留了其他10个未开枪的地块。可持续的亚马逊网络（SAN）在2010年沿着森林修改的梯度建立了这些阴谋，自2014年以来，英国与巴西科学家（ECOFOR）之间的联合项目一直在该地区进行研究。因此，我们在这里提出的工作受益于有关碳动态和植物功能性状（来自Ecofor）的独特而详细的预火信息，以及三个不同的分类单元（鸟类，粪便甲虫和植物）以及次要种子分散过程（来自SAN）的分布。我们的永久性地块网络独特地建立在2015年大火之前的现有森林修改梯度上，从而使我们能够对不同森林灾难类别的火灾效应进行首次严格评估。这种使用详细的火前数据检查火灾影响的能力使我们能够在人类改造的森林灾害梯度上开发三个主要的研究途径：（1）非常严重的野火对植物群落和碳动态的影响，从而评估哪种植物功能性能可以预测物种的死亡率，生存和招募； （2）对火灾的投资影响对森林动物区系（即鸟类和邓甲虫）和相关的种子分散过程； （3）对当前极端ENSO事件的规模和影响的详细了解，探讨了遥感信息与基于地面的措施之间的关系。遥感产品与实际的火灾严重程度之间的更好联系将使我们能够扩大整个地区的碳排放和生物多样性损失估计。 Afire的结果至关重要，因为随着气候变化，世界各地的热带森林可能会受到驾驶员，更炎热和更长的干旱季节的威胁。我们的发现将有助于为缓解策略提供信息，以管理未来ENSO介导的干旱和严重野火对热带森林的影响。我们还期望Afire阴谋构成对热带野火影响的长期研究的基础

项目成果

Tracking the impacts of El Niño drought and fire in human-modified Amazonian forests.

• DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2019377118
• 发表时间: 2021-07-27
• 期刊: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
• 影响因子: 11.1
• 作者: Berenguer E;Lennox GD;Ferreira J;Malhi Y;Aragão LEOC;Barreto JR;Del Bon Espírito-Santo F;Figueiredo AES;França F;Gardner TA;Joly CA;Palmeira AF;Quesada CA;Rossi LC;de Seixas MMM;Smith CC;Withey K;Barlow J
• 通讯作者: Barlow J

Pantropical modelling of canopy functional traits using Sentinel-2 remote sensing data

• DOI: 10.1016/j.rse.2020.112122
• 发表时间: 2021-01-01
• 期刊: REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT
• 影响因子: 13.5
• 作者: Aguirre-Gutierrez, Jesus;Rifal, Sami;Malhi, Yadvinder
• 通讯作者: Malhi, Yadvinder

Dung burial by roller dung beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeinae): An individual and specific-level study

滚粪甲虫（鞘翅目：金龟子亚科）的粪便掩埋：一项个体和特定水平的研究

• DOI: 10.1017/s1742758418000206
• 发表时间: 2018
• 期刊: International Journal of Tropical Insect Science
• 影响因子: 1.2
• 作者: Carvalho R

Tree growth and stem carbon accumulation in human-modified Amazonian forests following drought and fire

• DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2017.0308
• 发表时间: 2018-11-19
• 期刊: PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES
• 影响因子: 6.3
• 作者: Berenguer, Erika;Malhi, Yadvinder;Barlow, Jos
• 通讯作者: Barlow, Jos

Bird extinctions threaten to cause disproportionate reductions of functional diversity and uniqueness

鸟类灭绝可能导致功能多样性和独特性过度减少

• DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.14201
• 发表时间: 2022
• 期刊: Functional Ecology
• 影响因子: 5.2
• 作者: Ali J