The Changing Arctic Ocean Seafloor (ChAOS) - how changing sea ice conditions impact biological communities, biogeochemical processes and ecosystems

不断变化的北冰洋海底 (ChAOS) - 不断变化的海冰条件如何影响生物群落、生物地球化学过程和生态系统

• 批准号: NE/P006108/1
• 负责人: Sian Henley
• 金额: $ 13.36万
• 依托单位: University of Edinburgh
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2017
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2017 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=NE%2FP006108%2F1
• 关键词: Changing; Arctic; Ocean; Seafloor; ChAOS

ChAOS will quantify the effect of changing sea ice cover on organic matter quality, benthic biodiversity, biological transformations of carbon and nutrient pools, and resulting ecosystem function at the Arctic Ocean seafloor. We will achieve this by determining the amount, source, and bioavailability of organic matter (OM) and associated nutrients exported to the Arctic seafloor; its consumption, transformation, and cycling through the benthic food chain; and its eventual burial or recycling back into the water column. We will study these coupled biological and biogeochemical processes by combining (i) a detailed study of representative Arctic shelf sea habitats that intersect the ice edge, with (ii) broad-scale in situ validation studies and shipboard experiments, (iii) manipulative laboratory experiments that will identify causal relationships and mechanisms, (iv) analyses of highly spatially and temporally resolved data obtained by the Canadian, Norwegian and German Arctic programmes to establish generality, and (v) we will integrate new understanding of controls and effects on biodiversity, biogeochemical pathways and nutrient cycles into modelling approaches to explore how changes in Arctic sea ice alter ecosystems at regional scales. We will focus on parts of the Arctic Ocean where drastic changes in sea ice cover are the main environmental control, e.g., the Barents Sea. Common fieldwork campaigns will form the core of our research activity. Although our preferred focal region is a N-S transect along 30 degree East in the Barents Sea where ice expansion and retreat are well known and safely accessible, we will also use additional cruises to locations that share similar sediment and water conditions in Norway, retrieving key species for extended laboratory experiments that consider future environmental forcing. Importantly, the design of our campaign is not site specific, allowing our approach to be applied in other areas that share similar regional characteristics. This flexibility maximizes the scope for coordinated activities between all programme consortia (pelagic or benthic) should other areas of the Arctic shelf be preferable once all responses to the Announcement of Opportunity have been evaluated. In support of our field campaign, and informed by the analysis of field samples and data obtained by our international partners (in Norway, Canada, USA, Italy, Poland and Germany), we will conduct a range of well-constrained laboratory experiments, exposing incubated natural sediment to environmental conditions that are most likely to vary in response to the changing sea ice cover, and analysing the response of biology and biogeochemistry to these induced changes in present versus future environments (e.g., ocean acidification, warming). We will use existing complementary data sets provided by international project partners to achieve a wider spatial and temporal coverage of different parts of the Arctic Ocean. The unique combination of expertise (microbiologists, geochemists, ecologists, modellers) and facilities across eight leading UK research institutions will allow us to make new links between the quantity and quality of exported OM as a food source for benthic ecosystems, the response of the biodiversity and ecosystem functioning across the full spectrum of benthic organisms, and the effects on the partitioning of carbon and nutrients between recycled and buried pools. To link the benthic sub-system to the Arctic Ocean as a whole, we will establish close links with complementary projects studying biogeochemical processes in the water column, benthic environment (and their interactions) and across the land-ocean transition. This will provide the combined data sets and process understanding, as well as novel, numerically efficient upscaling tools, required to develop predictive models (e.g., MEDUSA) that allow for a quantitative inclusion seafloor into environmental predictions of the changing Arctic Ocean.

ChAOS 将量化海冰覆盖变化对有机质质量、海底生物多样性、碳和营养库的生物转化以及由此产生的北冰洋海底生态系统功能的影响。我们将通过确定出口到北极海底的有机物（OM）和相关营养物质的数量、来源和生物利用度来实现这一目标；它在底栖食物链中的消耗、转化和循环；以及最终被掩埋或回收到水体中。我们将通过以下方式研究这些耦合的生物和生物地球化学过程：（i）对与冰缘相交的代表性北极陆架海洋栖息地的详细研究，（ii）大规模的原位验证研究和船上实验，（iii）可确定因果关系和机制的实验室操作实验，（iv）对由北极陆架获得的高度空间和时间分辨率的数据进行分析。 加拿大、挪威和德国的北极计划旨在建立普遍性，(v)我们将对生物多样性、生物地球化学途径和营养循环的控制和影响的新理解纳入建模方法，以探索北极海冰的变化如何改变区域尺度的生态系统。我们将重点关注北冰洋的部分地区，其中海冰覆盖的剧烈变化是主要的环境控制因素，例如巴伦支海。共同的实地考察活动将构成我们研究活动的核心。尽管我们的首选重点区域是巴伦支海东经 30 度的南北横断面，那里的冰膨胀和消退是众所周知的并且可以安全到达，但我们还将使用额外的巡航前往挪威具有相似沉积物和水条件的地点，检索关键物种以进行考虑未来环境强迫的扩展实验室实验。重要的是，我们的活动设计并不针对具体地点，因此我们的方法可以应用于具有相似区域特征的其他领域。一旦对机会公告的所有回应进行了评估，如果北极大陆架的其他区域更可取，这种灵活性可以最大限度地扩大所有计划联盟（中上层或海底）之间协调活动的范围。为了支持我们的实地活动，并根据我们的国际合作伙伴（挪威、加拿大、美国、意大利、波兰和德国）获得的实地样本和数据的分析，我们将进行一系列严格限制的实验室实验，将孵化的天然沉积物暴露于最有可能因海冰覆盖变化而变化的环境条件下，并分析生物学和生物地球化学对当前与未来环境中这些诱发变化的响应 （例如海洋酸化、变暖）。我们将利用国际项目合作伙伴提供的现有补充数据集，实现对北冰洋不同部分更广泛的空间和时间覆盖。英国八个领先研究机构的专业知识（微生物学家、地球化学家、生态学家、建模师）和设施的独特组合将使我们能够在作为底栖生态系统食物来源的出口有机体的数量和质量、整个底栖生物多样性和生态系统功能的响应以及对碳和养分之间碳和养分分配的影响之间建立新的联系。 回收池和埋地池。为了将底栖子系统与整个北冰洋联系起来，我们将与研究水体、底栖环境（及其相互作用）以及陆地-海洋过渡过程中的生物地球化学过程的补充项目建立密切联系。这将提供开发预测模型（例如 MEDUSA）所需的组合数据集和过程理解，以及新颖的、数字高效的升级工具，从而将海底定量纳入不断变化的北冰洋的环境预测中。

项目成果

Trophic niches of benthic crustaceans in the Pechora Sea suggest that the invasive snow crab Chionoecetes opilio could be an important competitor

伯朝拉海底栖甲壳类动物的营养生态位表明，入侵的雪蟹 Chionoecetes opilio 可能是一个重要的竞争对手

• DOI: 10.1007/s00300-020-02775-3
• 发表时间: 2020
• 期刊: Polar Biology
• 影响因子: 1.7
• 作者: Gebruk A

The Carbon Story of a Melting Arctic

北极融化的碳故事

• DOI: 10.3389/frym.2019.00136
• 发表时间: 2019
• 期刊: Frontiers for Young Minds
• 作者: Faust J

Integrated Data-Model Assessment of Organic Matter Reactivity in the Changing Barents Sea Sediments

巴伦支海沉积物变化中有机物反应性的综合数据模型评估

• DOI: 10.3997/2214-4609.201902743
• 发表时间: 2019
• 作者: Freitas F

Biogeochemical consequences of a changing Arctic shelf seafloor ecosystem.

• DOI: 10.1007/s13280-021-01638-3
• 发表时间: 2022-03
• 期刊: Ambio
• 影响因子: 6.5
• 作者: März C;Freitas FS;Faust JC;Godbold JA;Henley SF;Tessin AC;Abbott GD;Airs R;Arndt S;Barnes DKA;Grange LJ;Gray ND;Head IM;Hendry KR;Hilton RG;Reed AJ;Rühl S;Solan M;Souster TA;Stevenson MA;Tait K;Ward J;Widdicombe S
• 通讯作者: Widdicombe S

Supplementary Figures S1 - S7 from Transformation of organic matter in a Barents Sea sediment profile: coupled geochemical and microbiological processes

补充图 S1 - S7，来自巴伦支海沉积物剖面中有机物的转化：地球化学和微生物过程的耦合

• DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.12687675
• 发表时间: 2020
• 作者: Stevenson M