Marine carbon cycling in the changing Arctic Ocean

变化中的北冰洋的海洋碳循环

• 批准号: 577101-2022
• 负责人: Mahmoudi, NagissaN
• 金额: $ 3.28万
• 依托单位: McGill University
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Alliance Grants
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2022-01-01 至 2023-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=750997
• 关键词: Marine; carbon; cycling; changing; Arctic

The Arctic is at the forefront of climate change and being disproportionately affected by increased greenhouse gas emissions from human activities. Recent estimates show that ice mass loss in the Canadian arctic has increased dramatically over the last twenty years - almost tripling or doubling in that time. This has led to substantial increases in freshwater discharge from glaciers which raises questions about the potential downstream effects to marine environments. Glacial discharge can lower salinity and increase the input of terrestrial material to coastal ecosystems. Arctic coastal ecosystems are hotspots for the burial of organic carbon. In order to develop effective policies and adaptation strategies, it is imperative to understand how climate change will impact the ability of Arctic ecosystems to transform and store carbon. As glaciers continue to melt, coastal ecosystems will experience changes in their geochemical environment which can directly affect the composition and function of microbial communities as well as the input and bioavailability of carbon compounds. This project will leverage an existing field program and apply state-of-the-art molecular and isotopic tools to resolve the impact of climate change on the transformation and burial of carbon in coastal Arctic ecosystems. We will conduct laboratory experiments and field measurements focusing on sites along the frozen shores of the Canadian Arctic Archipelago (CAA) which contains the largest volume of glacier ice on Earth outside of Antarctica and Greenland. The project will specifically focus on Jones Sound, a region surrounded by glaciers and home to Inuit hamlet of Grise Fiord (Ausuittuq). In addition, we will leverage an established partnership with the local community to develop a community-based monitoring (CBM) program at an ocean time series station near Ausuittuq. Our results will be highly informative to earth scientists and climate modelers by addressing the extent to which carbon within Arctic coastal systems will remain sequestered or released to the atmosphere via microbial degradation.

北极处于气候变化的前沿，并受到人类活动温室气体排放增加的影响。最近的估计显示，加拿大北极地区的冰量损失在过去二十年中急剧增加，几乎增加了两倍或两倍。这导致冰川淡水排放量大幅增加，引发了下游对海洋环境潜在影响的问题。冰川放电可以降低盐度并增加陆地物质对沿海生态系统的输入。北极沿海生态系统是有机碳埋藏的热点。为了制定有效的政策和适应战略，必须了解气候变化将如何影响北极生态系统转化和储存碳的能力。 随着冰川持续融化，沿海生态系统的地球化学环境将发生变化，直接影响微生物群落的组成和功能以及碳化合物的输入和生物利用度。 该项目将利用现有的实地计划，并应用最先进的分子和同位素工具来解决气候变化对北极沿海生态系统碳转化和埋藏的影响。我们将重点关注加拿大北极群岛（CAA）冰冻海岸沿线的地点进行实验室实验和现场测量，该群岛拥有地球上除南极洲和格陵兰岛之外最大的冰川冰量。 该项目将特别关注琼斯湾（Jones Sound），该地区被冰川包围，也是因纽特人村庄格里斯峡湾（Ausuittuq）的所在地。此外，我们将利用与当地社区建立的合作伙伴关系，在 Ausuittuq 附近的海洋时间序列站开发基于社区的监测 (CBM) 计划。我们的研究结果将为地球科学家和气候建模者提供大量信息，通过解决北极沿海系统内的碳通过微生物降解而被封存或释放到大气中的程度。