Rapid deployment of a multi-parameter geophysical experiment at Santiaguito volcano, Guatemala, following a marked increase in explosive activity.

在危地马拉圣地亚哥火山爆发活动显着增加后，快速部署了多参数地球物理实验。

• 批准号: NE/P007708/1
• 负责人: Silvio De Angelis
• 金额: $ 4.89万
• 依托单位: University of Liverpool
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2016
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2016 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=NE%2FP007708%2F1
• 关键词: Rapid; deployment; multi; parameter; geophysical

More than 500 million people live close to active volcanoes. Evidence suggests that, throughout history, societies have been affected and destroyed by catastrophic eruptions. In the 1900s alone almost 100000 people were killed by volcanic explosions and their associated hazards. Explosive eruptions inject enormous columns of ash and debris into the atmosphere and discharge fast avalanches of hot gas and rocks on the slopes of volcanic edifices. Lava dome eruptions represent a style of volcanism of distinctive interest because of their potentially catastrophic effects. The hazards from this type of eruptions are well-known, due to the unpredictable transitions from slow effusion of viscous lava to violent explosive activity, and to the propensity of volcanic domes to suddenly collapse spawning devastating pyroclastic flows. Over the past few decades shifts in eruptive style were reported at several lava dome volcanoes worldwide. The underlying processes driving these transitions, however, remain poorly understood, and geophysical measurements documenting them are also very rare. The Santiaguito lava dome complex in Guatemala has been continuously erupting since 1922 and it has switched several times between effusive and explosive eruption regimes, even displaying the two types of activity simultaneously. At the time of this writing Santiaguito is undergoing a major transition from effusive to explosive behaviour marked by some the largest eruptive events ever recorded at this lava dome complex. The new activity started with a large explosion on 11 April, 2016, which produced an ash column that rose to a height in excess of 4.5 km above the vent and was clearly visible in satellite images. Preliminary estimates by local scientists suggest that this explosion was two orders of magnitude more energetic than anything recorded at Santiaguito over the past 5-6 years. The new activity offers a rare opportunity to document and investigate the geophysical fingerprint of a sudden switch in eruptive style at a lava dome volcano, and to decipher its underlying mechanisms. A geophysical deployment, including seismic, deformation and acoustic measurements is the ideal framework to seize an opportunity that is not frequently available. The proposed experiment will help addressing key scientific questions on activity at lava dome volcanoes, with impact on hazard assessment and risk mitigation in this and other eruption prone areas. The pool of target beneficiaries is broad and includes scientists within academia, civil defense authorities, policy makers and communities living nearby active volcanoes.

超过5亿人居住在活火山附近。有证据表明，纵观历史，社会一直受到灾难性喷发的影响和破坏。仅在20世纪90年代，就有近100000人死于火山爆炸及其相关的危险。爆炸性喷发将巨大的火山灰和碎屑喷发到大气中，并在火山建筑物的山坡上快速释放出热气和岩石。熔岩穹顶喷发代表了一种独特的火山活动风格，因为它们具有潜在的灾难性影响。这种类型喷发的危险是众所周知的，因为从粘性熔岩缓慢流出到剧烈爆炸活动的不可预测的过渡，以及火山穹顶突然坍塌的倾向，产生了毁灭性的火山碎屑流。在过去的几十年里，据报道，世界各地的几座熔岩穹顶火山都发生了喷发风格的转变。然而，推动这些转变的基本过程仍然知之甚少，记录这些过程的地球物理测量也非常罕见。危地马拉的圣地亚吉托熔岩穹顶自1922年以来一直在持续喷发，它曾多次在喷发和爆炸性喷发之间切换，甚至同时显示了这两种类型的活动。在撰写本文时，圣地亚吉托正在经历从热情洋溢到爆炸性行为的重大转变，其标志是这个熔岩穹顶建筑群有记录以来最大的喷发事件。新的活动始于2016年4月11日的一次大爆炸，产生了一个火山灰柱，上升到喷口上方4.5公里以上的高度，在卫星图像中清晰可见。当地科学家的初步估计表明，这次爆炸的能量比圣地亚吉托过去5-6年来记录的任何爆炸都高出两个数量级。这一新的活动提供了一个难得的机会，可以记录和研究熔岩穹顶火山突然喷发的地球物理指纹，并破译其潜在的机制。地球物理部署，包括地震、形变和声学测量，是抓住不常见机会的理想框架。拟议的实验将有助于解决有关熔岩穹顶火山活动的关键科学问题，并对该地区和其他喷发易发地区的危险评估和风险缓解产生影响。目标受益者范围很广，包括学术界的科学家、民防当局、政策制定者和生活在活火山附近的社区。

项目成果

An international partnership to develop volcano monitoring capacities in Guatemala

建立国际伙伴关系以发展危地马拉的火山监测能力

• DOI: 10.1190/segam2019-3215154.1
• 发表时间: 2019
• 作者: Angelis S

Reconstructing fragmentation processes at Santiaguito volcano by combining ash analysis with geophysical measurements

通过结合火山灰分析和地球物理测量来重建圣地亚哥火山的破碎过程

• 发表时间: 2016
• 期刊: EGU General Assembly Conference Abstracts
• 作者: Hornby Adrian

Changes in long-term eruption dynamics at Santiaguito, Guatemala: Observations from seismic data

危地马拉圣地亚哥长期喷发动态的变化：地震数据观测

• 发表时间: 2016
• 期刊: AGU Fall Meeting Abstracts
• 作者: Lamb O. D.

VINEDA-Volcanic INfrasound Explosions Detector Algorithm

VINEDA-火山次声爆炸探测器算法

• DOI: 10.3389/feart.2019.00335
• 发表时间: 2019
• 期刊: Frontiers in Earth Science
• 影响因子: 2.9
• 作者: Bueno A

Disruption of Long-Term Effusive-Explosive Activity at Santiaguito, Guatemala

• DOI: 10.3389/feart.2018.00253
• 发表时间: 2019-02
• 期刊: Frontiers in Earth Science
• 影响因子: 2.9
• 作者: O. Lamb;A. Lamur;Alejandro Díaz-Moreno;Silvio de Angelis;A. Hornby;Felix W. von Aulock;J. Kendrick;Paul A. Wallace;Ellen Gottschämmer;Andreas Rietbrock;Isaac Alvarez;G. Chigna;Y. Lavallée