Ultrafine and Submicron Particles in the Urban Environment in Thailand - Size, Concentration, Composition and Health Impacts

泰国城市环境中的超细和亚微米颗粒 - 尺寸、浓度、成分和健康影响

• 批准号: NE/P014674/1
• 负责人: Dudley Shallcross
• 金额: $ 29.7万
• 依托单位: University of Bristol
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2017
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2017 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=NE%2FP014674%2F1
• 关键词: Ultrafine; Submicron; Particles; Urban; Environment

It is well known that particulate matter (PM) poses a significant health risk, especially to urban dwellers, with often the poorest in society most affected. Ultrafine particles (size smaller than 100 nanometres), as a component of PM, are increasingly implicated in disease and mortality. However, much of the research available in the literature is based on data from the developed world, especially for ultrafine particles, and without robust data it is not possible to determine trends in this important pollutant for Thailand and Bangkok in particular, and strategies for health protection therefore lack this vital information. In addition, aerosol particles provide the single largest source of uncertainty in most global climate models, and production of primary particles and gas precursors e.g. Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) from the transport and industrial sectors contribute significantly to this. Therefore, in order for the impact of these activities on climate to be assessed and reduced, determination of sources and levels of emission of both gases and particles much be undertaken. This study will to our knowledge be the first to report ultrafine particle (UFP) number concentration and size distributions in the submicron (smaller than 1 micrometre) size range in urban Bangkok, Thailand. Population in this megacity is expected to rise as urbanisation continues in Thailand, with more people exposed to higher levels of gas and particle pollutants. We will carry out an extensive experimental campaign combining particle concentration, size distribution measurement and sampling with precise laboratory analysis for the particle composition, state-of-the-art atmospheric tracer dispersion experiments and modelling and source apportionment techniques to establish the sources, emission factors, human exposures and inhalation doses for this important health risk. We will undertake work in the three main seasons in Thailand (cool dry, hot dry and rainy) to determine how the climate influences particle size distribution and properties. We will also examine other regional particle source events, such as agricultural fires, visiting rural areas in and out of season for these events to determine their impact on particle concentrations. We aim to provide methodological advances in using non-standard instrumentation for size-segregated airborne particle sampling and for estimation of submicron particle size distributions using cheaper devices than are presently available. By obtaining this new information on typical levels in a variety of microenvironments, in different regions and by identifying sources and emissions factors, direct public health advice on exposure reduction through interventions could be achieved, and first steps taken to engage regulatory bodies and government agencies to aid in their target of reducing particulate pollution to improve the health and quality of life of Thailand and Bangkok residents, and hence reducing the significant current economic cost burden to the Thailand government associated with adverse health impact of particulates.

众所周知，颗粒物 (PM) 会带来重大的健康风险，尤其是对城市居民而言，而社会上最贫困的人往往受到的影响最大。超细颗粒（尺寸小于 100 纳米）作为 PM 的组成部分，与疾病和死亡的关系日益密切。然而，文献中的大部分研究都是基于发达国家的数据，特别是超细颗粒物的数据，如果没有可靠的数据，就不可能确定这种重要污染物（尤其是泰国和曼谷）的趋势，因此健康保护策略缺乏这一重要信息。此外，气溶胶颗粒在大多数全球气候模型以及初级颗粒和气体前体（例如气体）的产生中提供了最大的单一不确定性来源。运输和工业部门的挥发性有机化合物 (VOC) 对此做出了重大贡献。因此，为了评估和减少这些活动对气候的影响，需要确定气体和颗粒物的来源和排放水平。据我们所知，这项研究将首次报告泰国曼谷市区亚微米（小于 1 微米）尺寸范围内的超细颗粒 (UFP) 数量浓度和尺寸分布。随着泰国城市化进程的继续，这座大城市的人口预计将会增加，更多的人会接触到更高水平的气体和颗粒污染物。我们将开展广泛的实验活动，将颗粒浓度、尺寸分布测量和采样与颗粒成分的精确实验室分析、最先进的大气示踪剂分散实验以及建模和源解析技术相结合，以确定这一重要健康风险的来源、排放因子、人体暴露和吸入剂量。我们将在泰国的三个主要季节（凉爽干燥、炎热干燥和多雨）开展工作，以确定气候如何影响颗粒尺寸分布和特性。我们还将检查其他区域颗粒源事件，例如农业火灾，在这些事件的季节和淡季访问农村地区，以确定它们对颗粒浓度的影响。我们的目标是在使用非标准仪器进行尺寸分离的空气颗粒采样以及使用比目前更便宜的设备估计亚微米颗粒尺寸分布方面提供方法上的进步。通过获取不同地区各种微环境中典型水平的新信息，并通过确定来源和排放因素，可以通过干预措施获得关于减少接触的直接公共卫生建议，并采取第一步措施让监管机构和政府机构参与其中，以帮助实现减少颗粒物污染的目标，以改善泰国和曼谷居民的健康和生活质量，从而减轻目前给泰国和曼谷居民带来的巨大经济成本负担。 泰国政府认为颗粒物对健康有不利影响。

项目成果

Investigating the Impacts of Nonacyl Peroxy Nitrates on the Global Composition of the Troposphere Using a 3-D Chemical Transport Model, STOCHEM-CRI

使用 3-D 化学输运模型 STOCHEM-CRI 研究九酰基过氧硝酸盐对对流层整体组成的影响

• DOI: 10.1021/acsearthspacechem.0c00133
• 发表时间: 2020
• 期刊: ACS Earth and Space Chemistry
• 影响因子: 3.4
• 作者: Khan M

Investigating the behaviour of the CRI-MECH gas-phase chemistry scheme on a regional scale for different seasons using the WRF-Chem model

使用 WRF-Chem 模型研究不同季节区域范围内 CRI-MECH 气相化学方案的行为

• DOI: 10.1016/j.atmosres.2019.06.021
• 发表时间: 2019
• 期刊: Atmospheric Research
• 影响因子: 5.5
• 作者: Khan M

Urban and rural measurements of atmospheric potential gradient

• DOI: 10.1016/j.elstat.2018.11.006
• 发表时间: 2019-01-01
• 期刊: JOURNAL OF ELECTROSTATICS
• 影响因子: 1.8
• 作者: Matthews, J. C.;Wright, M. D.;Shallcross, D. E.
• 通讯作者: Shallcross, D. E.

Investigating the Variation of Benzene and 1,3-Butadiene in the UK during 2000-2020.

• DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191911904
• 发表时间: 2022-09-21
• 期刊: INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH
• 作者: Holland, Rayne;Khan, M. Anwar H.;Matthews, James C.;Bonifacio, Sophia;Walters, Rhian;Koria, Priya;Clowes, Joanna;Rodgers, Karla;Jones, Temi;Patel, Leeya;Cross, Rhianna;Sandberg, Freya;Shallcross, Dudley E.
• 通讯作者: Shallcross, Dudley E.

Ozone Trends in the United Kingdom over the Last 30 Years

• DOI: 10.3390/atmos11050534
• 发表时间: 2020-05-01
• 期刊: ATMOSPHERE
• 影响因子: 2.9
• 作者: Diaz, Florencia M. R.;Khan, M. Anwar H.;Shallcross, Dudley E.
• 通讯作者: Shallcross, Dudley E.