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NEC06110 RED FIRE: Radioactive Environment Damaged by fire: a Forest In REcovery

NEC06110 红色火灾：火灾破坏的放射性环境：恢复中的森林

基本信息

批准号：
NE/P015212/1
负责人：
Nick Beresford
金额：
$ 6.68万
依托单位：
NERC CEH (Up to 30.11.2019)
依托单位国家：
英国
项目类别：
Research Grant
财政年份：
2016
资助国家：
英国
起止时间：
2016 至无数据
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=NE%2FP015212%2F1
关键词：
NEC06110 RED FIRE Radioactive Environment

项目摘要

Following the 1986 accident at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant, an area (4-6 km2) of coniferous forest was killed by high levels of radiation. The affected area became known as the 'Red Forest' as the trees' needles turned red in 1986 prior to their death. The Red Forest subsequently regenerated with deciduous trees, which are less sensitive to radiation than coniferous species, and understorey vegetation. This area currently represents the most anthropogenically contaminated radioactive ecosystem on Earth. From 15-17th July 2016 there was a severe fire in the Red Forest; local contacts report c.80% of the forest was burnt. This fire presents a unique opportunity to study: (i) the effect of fire on radionuclide mobility/bioavailability; and (ii) the impact of radiation on the recovery of forest ecosystems exposed to another stressor (i.e. fire). Contamination in the Red Forest is highly spatially heterogeneous, allowing studies to be conducted across contamination gradients. We are uniquely placed to undertake these studies within RED FIRE as we have samples (and survey results) that we have collected from the Red Forest in 2015 and early in 2016, prior to the fire event. The objectives of RED FIRE are to:1) Assess the direct impact of fire on radionuclide behaviour by determining change in radionuclide availability before and after the fire, and also any time trend in fractionation, solubility and mobility (down the soil profile) over circa 12 months following the fire 2) Determine if there is any impact of radiation level on the recovery of the forest ecosystem following damage by the fireThe RED FIRE team, in collaboration with our Norwegian project partner and Ukrainian sub-contractors, will study a range of radionuclides (Cs-137, Sr-90, Pu-isotopes, Am-241) and 'hot' (fuel) particles within the Red Forest. Our research will include the sampling and surveying of a range of wildlife (soil biological activity, plants, invertebrates and vertebrates). We will also use new unmanned aerial vehicle (drone) technology to study the changing vegetation cover following the fire and to derive a novel high resolution contamination map for the Red Forest area. RED FIRE has highly significant international relevance: (1) There is an increasing need for improved understanding of the effects of radiation on wildlife/ecosystems as countries begin to implement international recommendations that the environment per se should be protected from authorised releases of radioactivity; and(2) Forest ecosystems are not only dominant in Chernobyl Exclusion Zone, but also in the area of Japan affected by the Fukushima accident. Forest fires are a major concern for the Japanese local government dealing with the Fukushima accident aftermath and attempts have been made to assess wildfire risk, for which new knowledge of the impact of fire on radionuclide bioavailability is essential. RED FIRE is highly likely to result in a series of high profile refereed papers and associated on-line datasets. It will also employ a variety of techniques, including a virtual reality experience, to engage the public, industry and regulators with RED FIRE research and to facilitate stakeholder discussion regarding radioactivity in the environment.

在1986年切尔诺贝利核电站事故之后，一片面积（4-6平方公里）的针叶林被高水平的辐射杀死。受影响的地区被称为“红色森林”，因为树木的针叶在1986年死亡之前就变成了红色。随后，红森林再生为落叶乔木和下层植被，落叶乔木对辐射的敏感性低于针叶林。这个地区目前是地球上受人为污染最严重的放射性生态系统。2016年7月15日至17日，红森林发生严重火灾；当地媒体报道，80%的森林被烧毁。这场火灾提供了一个独特的机会来研究：(i)火灾对放射性核素流动性/生物利用度的影响；（二）辐射对暴露于另一压力源（即火灾）的森林生态系统恢复的影响。红色森林中的污染具有高度的空间异质性，允许跨污染梯度进行研究。我们在RED FIRE中进行这些研究具有独特的优势，因为我们有2015年和2016年初在火灾事件发生之前从红色森林收集的样本（和调查结果）。RED FIRE的目标是：1)评估火灾对放射性核素行为的直接影响，通过确定火灾前后放射性核素可用性的变化，以及火灾后大约12个月内放射性核素的分除率、溶解度和流动性（沿着土壤剖面）的任何时间趋势。2)确定辐射水平是否对火灾破坏后森林生态系统的恢复有任何影响。我们将与挪威项目合作伙伴和乌克兰分包商合作，研究红色森林内的一系列放射性核素（Cs-137、Sr-90、pu同位素、Am-241）和“热”（燃料）颗粒。我们的研究将包括对一系列野生动物（土壤生物活动、植物、无脊椎动物和脊椎动物）的采样和调查。我们还将使用新的无人驾驶飞行器（无人机）技术来研究火灾后植被覆盖的变化，并为红森林地区绘制一幅新的高分辨率污染图。RED FIRE具有高度重要的国际相关性：(1)随着各国开始实施国际建议，即保护环境本身不受授权放射性释放的影响，越来越需要提高对辐射对野生动物/生态系统的影响的理解；(2)森林生态系统不仅在切尔诺贝利隔离区占主导地位，而且在日本福岛事故影响区也占主导地位。森林火灾是日本地方政府处理福岛核事故后果的一个主要问题，并试图评估野火风险，为此，有关火灾对放射性核素生物可利用性影响的新知识至关重要。RED FIRE极有可能产生一系列高知名度的参考论文和相关的在线数据集。它还将采用包括虚拟现实体验在内的各种技术，让公众、行业和监管机构参与RED FIRE研究，并促进利益相关者就环境中的放射性进行讨论。