Building Bhutanese Resilience Against Cataclysmic Events (BRACE)

增强不丹抵御灾难性事件的能力（BRACE）

• 批准号: NE/P016219/1
• 负责人: Frances Cooper
• 金额: $ 21.53万
• 依托单位: University of Bristol
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2017
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2017 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=NE%2FP016219%2F1
• 关键词: Building; Bhutanese; Resilience; Against; Cataclysmic

BRACE is a transdisciplinary project that will forge new relationships among geoscientists, engineers, social scientists, historians, and policy makers to address seismic risk and develop resilience-building strategies. This will be achieved through collaborative research and outreach between UK and US researchers and academics and government officials in the Himalayan Kingdom of Bhutan, an ODA recipient country. This novel attempt to develop a multi-pronged approach will reduce earthquake disaster risk, and bring geological, geomorphological and seismological work into conversation with both historical records held in Bhutanese archives and with research into contemporary Bhutanese governance, disaster preparedness, and effective communication strategies for risk reduction. By merging new research in these fields with close consultation with in-country policymakers and engineers, our long-term aim is to develop a sustainable framework for improving Bhutanese resilience to earthquakes and their secondary effects.We will combine expertise in tectonics, seismology, geomorphology, engineering, cultural history, environmental decision making (governance), development, and education to investigate the links between historical records of seismicity, seismic hazards, and the impact of earthquakes on environmental issues, infrastructure and populations. The aim will be to develop resilience and research capacity within Bhutan to cope with earthquakes and their cascading effects on environment, infrastructure, and society.The underlying drivers of disaster risk are currently poorly understood. The Himalaya are highly seismically active (highlighted by the 2015 magnitude 7.8 Gorkha earthquake in Nepal), but Bhutan appears to represent a region of relative seismic quiescence. There is currently little understanding of seismic hazard in Bhutan, and therefore of the potential disruption to landscape and infrastructure, and the consequent impacts on access to food, water, energy, and impact for the health and wellbeing of society. In addition, the regional tectonics and poorly known fault network appear structurally complex and present challenges to assessing future earthquake potential. Bhutan is a rapidly developing country in which traditional modes of life and architecture are being challenged by moves to urban areas where population density has increased. Urban areas are rapidly expanding but building standards are not sufficient to withstand future seismic events, thus presenting a clear call to action.Strengthening resilience to earthquakes and their secondary effects presents transdisciplinary and multi-stakeholder challenges. The interaction between social systems and physical processes results in layers of complexity, which challenge businesses, governments and policy makers, particularly at times of rapid change or shock after a natural disaster. This project will bring a transdisciplinary perspective in which the knowledge of geoscientists, engineers, historians, social scientists, policy makers and practitioners, as well as local knowledge and lay views, are considered. Scientific research identifies pathways and opportunities available to society in times of shock, and combined with a social science perspective can identify the pathways to resilience and rebuilding.Historical archives provide rich data on past seismic events that can help to build an understanding of seismic hazard. However, little work has been done to investigate the potential of Bhutanese historical records to collect and constrain information about past earthquakes. Such data are critical to our understanding of today's seismic hazard as well as the structural makeup of the tectonic plate boundary in the eastern Himalaya. We will assess the availability of documentary data on past earthquakes using selected archives to develop a catalogue of historical seismic activity and vulnerability, as well as indigenous response and coping mechanisms.

BLACE是一个跨学科项目，将在地球科学家、工程师、社会科学家、历史学家和政策制定者之间建立新的关系，以应对地震风险并制定复原力建设战略。这将通过英美研究人员、学者和政府官员在喜马拉雅王国不丹(官方发展援助接受国)进行合作研究和外联来实现。这一多管齐下的新尝试将减少地震灾害风险，使地质、地貌和地震学工作与不丹档案馆保存的历史记录以及对不丹当代治理、备灾和减少风险的有效沟通战略的研究相结合。通过整合这些领域的新研究，并与国内政策制定者和工程师密切协商，我们的长期目标是建立一个可持续的框架，以提高不丹人对地震及其次生影响的抗震力。我们将结合构造、地震学、地貌学、工程学、文化史、环境决策(治理)、发展和教育方面的专业知识，调查地震活动、地震灾害和地震对环境问题、基础设施和人口的影响的历史记录之间的联系。其目的将是在不丹发展抗震力和研究能力，以应对地震及其对环境、基础设施和社会的连锁影响。目前人们对灾害风险的潜在驱动因素知之甚少。喜马拉雅山脉是地震高度活跃的地区(2015年尼泊尔发生的7.8级戈尔卡地震凸显了这一点)，但不丹似乎代表了一个相对地震平静的地区。目前对不丹的地震灾害知之甚少，因此对其对景观和基础设施的潜在破坏，以及由此对获取食物、水、能源的影响，以及对社会健康和福祉的影响，都知之甚少。此外，区域构造和鲜为人知的断层网络在结构上似乎很复杂，对评估未来的地震潜力提出了挑战。不丹是一个快速发展的国家，传统的生活模式和建筑正受到向人口密度增加的城市地区迁移的挑战。城市地区正在迅速扩张，但建筑标准不足以抵御未来的地震事件，因此提出了明确的行动呼吁。加强对地震及其次生影响的复原力是跨学科和多方利益攸关方面临的挑战。社会制度和物理过程之间的相互作用导致了层层的复杂性，这对企业、政府和政策制定者构成了挑战，特别是在自然灾害发生后迅速变化或受到冲击的时候。该项目将采用跨学科的观点，考虑到地球科学家、工程师、历史学家、社会科学家、政策制定者和实践者的知识，以及当地的知识和非专业的观点。科学研究确定了震荡时期社会可利用的途径和机会，并与社会科学观点相结合，可以确定恢复和重建的途径。历史档案提供了有关过去地震事件的丰富数据，有助于建立对地震危险的了解。然而，在调查不丹历史记录收集和限制过去地震信息的潜力方面，几乎没有做过什么工作。这些数据对于我们理解今天的地震危险性以及喜马拉雅东部构造板块边界的构造构成至关重要。我们将使用选定的档案来评估过去地震的文献数据的可用性，以编制一份关于历史地震活动和脆弱性以及土著应对和应对机制的目录。

项目成果

Estimating Rainfall Thresholds for Landslide Occurrence in the Bhutan Himalayas

• DOI: 10.3390/w11081616
• 发表时间: 2019-08-01
• 期刊: WATER
• 影响因子: 3.4
• 作者: Dikshit, Abhirup;Sarkar, Raju;Dorji, Kelzang
• 通讯作者: Dorji, Kelzang

Decision making under uncertainty: the case of building earthquake resilience in Bhutan

不确定性下的决策：不丹建设抗震能力的案例

• 发表时间: 2019
• 作者: Harris F

Building Resilience to Earthquakes in Bhutan: A Probabilistic Seismic Hazard Assessment to Inform the National Building Code

建设不丹的抗震能力：为国家建筑规范提供信息的概率地震灾害评估

• 发表时间: 2017
• 作者: Goda K

Spatial Landslide Risk Assessment at Phuentsholing, Bhutan

• DOI: 10.3390/geosciences10040131
• 发表时间: 2020-04-01
• 期刊: GEOSCIENCES
• 影响因子: 2.7
• 作者: Dikshit, Abhirup;Sarkar, Raju;Alamri, Abdullah M.
• 通讯作者: Alamri, Abdullah M.

Climate controls on erosion in tectonically active landscapes.

• DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aaz3166
• 发表时间: 2020-10
• 期刊: Science advances
• 影响因子: 13.6
• 作者: Adams BA;Whipple KX;Forte AM;Heimsath AM;Hodges KV
• 通讯作者: Hodges KV