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Real-time low-cost monitoring for hydro-geomorphological risk reduction in Chile

降低智利水文地貌风险的实时低成本监测

基本信息

批准号：
NE/R009481/1
负责人：
Andrew Russell
金额：
$ 12.87万
依托单位：
Newcastle University
依托单位国家：
英国
项目类别：
Research Grant
财政年份：
2017
资助国家：
英国
起止时间：
2017 至无数据
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=NE%2FR009481%2F1
关键词：
Real time low cost monitoring

项目摘要

Communities in areas prone to natural hazards often have little information about the human and economic losses that may occur in the event of a disaster, or the information needed to minimize such losses. This project is therefore concerned with advancing scientific understanding of the processes occurring in extremely dynamic hydro-geomorphological (river flood) systems, some of which are continuing to adjust following volcanic eruptions over a range of timescales. Advancing process understanding will enable alerts and warnings to be provided to competent authorities, facilitating effective decision making and communication to local communities.Lahar flows and large-scale injections of sediment into river systems during recent volcanic eruptions in Chile (e.g. Chaiten in 2008 and Calbuco in 2015) have resulted in major economic and social costs through damage to homes, transport infrastructure, power plants, salmon farms and tourist businesses. The associated evacuation of entire towns and rural areas highlights an increasing vulnerability and emphasizes the need for improved risk prediction and mitigation. The project will develop improved systems for predicting (a) the timing and magnitude of hydrological hazards and (b) the longer term impacts of sediment release causing flooding in downstream river channels, and will provide (c) training and a 'tool kit' for local authorities to ensure that the monitoring developments in Chile have longevity beyond the project duration.

易受自然灾害影响地区的社区往往对灾害发生时可能造成的人员和经济损失或尽量减少这种损失所需的信息知之甚少。因此，该项目的目的是促进对极其动态的水文地貌（河流洪水）系统中发生的过程的科学认识，其中一些系统在火山爆发后的一系列时间尺度内继续调整。提高对过程的了解将有助于向主管当局提供警报和警告，促进有效的决策和与当地社区的沟通。智利最近火山爆发期间的拉哈尔流和沉积物大规模注入河流系统（如2008年的Chaiten和2015年的卡尔布科）对房屋、交通基础设施、发电厂、鲑鱼养殖场和旅游企业。与此相关的整个城镇和农村地区的疏散突出表明脆弱性日益增加，并强调需要改进风险预测和减轻风险。该项目将开发更好的系统，用于预测（a）水文灾害的时间和程度，以及（B）沉积物释放对下游河道造成洪水的长期影响，并将（c）为地方当局提供培训和“工具包”，以确保智利的监测发展在项目期限之后具有持久性。