Real-time low-cost monitoring for hydro-geomorphological risk reduction in Chile

降低智利水文地貌风险的实时低成本监测

基本信息

批准号：
NE/R009481/1
负责人：
Andrew Russell
金额：
$ 12.87万
依托单位：
Newcastle University
依托单位国家：
英国
项目类别：
Research Grant
财政年份：
2017
资助国家：
英国
起止时间：
2017 至无数据
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=NE%2FR009481%2F1
关键词：
Real time low cost monitoring

项目摘要

Communities in areas prone to natural hazards often have little information about the human and economic losses that may occur in the event of a disaster, or the information needed to minimize such losses. This project is therefore concerned with advancing scientific understanding of the processes occurring in extremely dynamic hydro-geomorphological (river flood) systems, some of which are continuing to adjust following volcanic eruptions over a range of timescales. Advancing process understanding will enable alerts and warnings to be provided to competent authorities, facilitating effective decision making and communication to local communities.Lahar flows and large-scale injections of sediment into river systems during recent volcanic eruptions in Chile (e.g. Chaiten in 2008 and Calbuco in 2015) have resulted in major economic and social costs through damage to homes, transport infrastructure, power plants, salmon farms and tourist businesses. The associated evacuation of entire towns and rural areas highlights an increasing vulnerability and emphasizes the need for improved risk prediction and mitigation. The project will develop improved systems for predicting (a) the timing and magnitude of hydrological hazards and (b) the longer term impacts of sediment release causing flooding in downstream river channels, and will provide (c) training and a 'tool kit' for local authorities to ensure that the monitoring developments in Chile have longevity beyond the project duration.

容易发生自然危害的地区的社区通常几乎没有关于灾难时可能发生的人类和经济损失的信息，或者是减少此类损失所需的信息。因此，该项目关注的是对极度动态的水力形态（河流洪水）系统中发生的过程的科学理解，其中一些系统正在在各种时间表上进行火山喷发后继续调整。 Advancing process understanding will enable alerts and warnings to be provided to competent authorities, facilitating effective decision making and communication to local communities.Lahar flows and large-scale injections of sediment into river systems during recent volcanic eruptions in Chile (e.g. Chaiten in 2008 and Calbuco in 2015) have resulted in major economic and social costs through damage to homes, transport infrastructure, power plants, salmon farms and tourist企业。整个城镇和农村地区的相关撤离强调了越来越多的脆弱性，并强调需要改善风险预测和缓解。该项目将开发改进的系统来预测（a）水文危害的时机和幅度，（b）释放沉积物的长期影响，导致下游河道频道的洪水，并将为地方当局提供（c）培训和“工具套件”，以确保辣椒的监视发展具有超越项目持续时间的寿命。