Contraband and Counterfeit Tobacco - exploring an economic disincentive to the denormalization of tobacco

走私和假冒烟草——探索烟草非正常化的经济抑制因素

• 批准号: G0701876/1
• 负责人: Andrew Russell
• 金额: $ 15.83万
• 依托单位: Durham University
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2008
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2008 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=G0701876%2F1
• 关键词: Contraband; Counterfeit; Tobacco; exploring; economic

Smoking is the number one preventable cause of illness and death in the UK. Efforts to encourage smokers to reduce consumption or preferably quit, and to discourage children and young people from starting to smoke in the first place, are being stymied by the tide of smuggled cigarettes engulfing the country (an estimated 16% of the total tobacco consumed in the UK). Deprived communities in particular are being targetted by criminal gangs offering illegal tobacco products, sometimes at less than half the price of normal cigarettes. The North East of England is a hub for this activity. Cigarette smuggling costs the UK Treasury over #3 billion per year in lost revenue and has a massive impact on people s health, since smokers have less incentive to stop smoking if they can buy cheap cigarettes, and are likely to smoke more. In addition, over half the smuggled cigarettes are thought to be fakes, made in illicit factories in China and Eastern Europe. Fake cigarettes have particularly high levels of heavy metals and tars, and hence are even more hazardous to health than ordinary cigarettes. This project aims to increase our knowledge of the little understood criminal economy operating on our doorstep. Using detailed case records obtained through an earlier, EU fundedproject, it will reveal more about how this damaging trade is organized and run, the different kinds of smuggling that take place, the criminal firms that do it and the people they supply. The research will help health promotion workers to better target their campaigns on this topic, and HM Revenue and Customs to better target their efforts to prevent illegal shipments coming into the country.

在英国，吸烟是导致疾病和死亡的头号可预防原因。鼓励吸烟者减少消费或最好戒烟的努力，以及阻止儿童和年轻人首先开始吸烟的努力，正在受到席卷全国的走私香烟浪潮的阻碍（估计占英国烟草消费总量的16%）。特别是贫困社区成为犯罪团伙提供非法烟草产品的目标，有时价格不到正常香烟的一半。英格兰东北部是这项活动的中心。香烟走私每年使英国财政部损失超过30亿英镑的收入，并对人们的健康产生巨大影响，因为如果吸烟者能买到便宜的香烟，他们就没有那么多的动力戒烟，而且可能会吸得更多。此外，超过一半的走私香烟被认为是假货，在中国和东欧的非法工厂制造。假烟的重金属和焦油含量特别高，因此比普通香烟对健康的危害更大。该项目旨在增加我们对在我们家门口运作的鲜为人知的犯罪经济的了解。通过使用通过早期欧盟资助的项目获得的详细案件记录，它将更多地揭示这种破坏性贸易是如何组织和运行的，发生的不同类型的走私，这样做的犯罪公司以及他们提供的人。这项研究将有助于健康促进工作者更好地针对这一主题开展运动，并有助于英国税务和海关总署更好地针对防止非法货物进入该国的努力。