Demonstration Of A Comprehensive Approach To Monitoring Emissions From Oil and Gas Installations (AEOG)

展示监测石油和天然气装置排放的综合方法 (AEOG)

• 批准号: NE/R01454X/1
• 负责人: Stephen Mobbs
• 金额: $ 34.42万
• 依托单位: University of Leeds
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2018
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2018 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=NE%2FR01454X%2F1
• 关键词: Demonstration; Comprehensive; Approach; Monitoring; Emissions

Atmospheric concentrations of methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2) have increased significantly over the past century due to anthropogenic activity, with the UK offshore oil and gas sector is estimated to produce around 13.2 million tonnes of CO2 and 1.2 million tonnes CO2 equivalent of CH4. Offshore atmospheric emissions reporting are partly industry-led, from the initial permit through to the self-regulatory reporting using EEMS (Environment and Emissions Monitoring System). BEIS (Department for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy), regards EEMS as a key element in its environmental regulatory function and data within is used for government reporting requirements and policy development and application. Emissions are self-regulated and there is no independent check on how the emissions reported in EEMS relate to the actual emissions. This proposal offers a new methodology whereby the EEMS and initial permitting can be validated using observations from research aircraft.Currently offshore "atmospherics" permitting and reporting includes the emissions of carbon dioxide, nitrogen oxides, nitrous oxide, sulphur dioxide, carbon monoxide, methane and non-methane volatile organic compounds. Energy generation emissions are calculated from measured fuel use using emission factors based on total fuel combustion and / or stack sampling data. Flaring emissions are calculated based on total measured fuel combustion using emission factors. Venting emissions are based on total measured or estimated release volumes. Fugitive emissions are based on estimates relating to any recorded accidental release, and calculated losses based on the number of components and connections (thought to be the primary source of leaks) within an installation and its age. However, the methodology uses an age-related scale factor which becomes applicable when if the installation was built pre-1988. All of these approaches necessarily assume that there is a common set of standard factors, or installations can use their own factor from stack monitoring, that are universally applicable to all offshore oil and gas operating companies and their installations. Direct measurement or monitoring of emissions offshore is limited because of significant logistical, health and safety and cost issues. It is therefore restricted to major combustion sources such as gas turbines. For most sources, emissions are calculated, based on activity data, for example using fuel consumption data or measured flare volumes allied with standard or installation specific emission factors, using measured or estimated venting volumes, or using industry standard estimates for fugitive losses. These methodologies carry a substantial risk that significant emissions may be missed, and any additional monitoring tool is of considerable interest to the industry, the regulator and the body responsible for compiling UK atmospheric emissions data.Techniques developed by NCAS for monitoring gas plumes during the Elgin gas release, have demonstrated that airborne monitoring, coupled with innovative atmospheric modelling, can comprehensively survey large areas and many individual installations within hours (800 nautical miles covered in 4 hours at one altitude). This approach to emissions assessment estimates the total emission loads calculated from the elevation of various gases in the downwind plume. This approach has the potential to provide the regulator, BEIS, with new tools to validate emission levels, and has the potential to provide a monitoring method that is lower cost to the industry then regular stack monitoring surveys and more relevant to impact assessment. The project will work together with BEIS and RICARDO to demonstrate how an airborne methodology can aid existing regulatory approaches, provide data that supports improved emissions estimates and give BEIS the confidence that that operators are reporting sensible and achievable estimates in their permits and EEMS reporting.

由于人为活性，在过去的一个世纪中，甲烷（CH4）和二氧化碳（CO2）的大气浓度显着增加，据估计，英国海上石油和天然气部门的生产约为1320万吨CO2和120万吨CH4。从初始许可到使用EEMS（环境和排放监测系统）的自我调节报告，海上大气排放报告部分是由行业主导的。 BEIS（商业，能源和工业战略部）将EEM视为其环境监管功能的关键要素，而其中的数据用于政府报告要求，政策制定和应用。排放是自我调节的，没有独立检查EEM中报告的排放与实际排放之间的关系。该提案提供了一种新的方法，可以使用研究飞机的观察来验证EEMS和初始允许的验证。目前，“大气”允许和报告包括二氧化碳，氮氧化物，氧化氮，二氮，硫磺二氧化碳，二氧化碳，碳单氧一氧，甲氧烷，甲氧烷，甲氧烷和非甲烷的有机脉络脉络脉络化的二氧化碳排放和报告。能源产生排放是根据基于总燃料燃烧和 /或堆栈采样数据的排放因子测得的燃料使用来计算的。耀斑排放是根据使用排放因子的总测量燃料燃烧来计算的。排气排放基于总测量或估计的释放量。逃犯的排放基于与任何记录的意外释放有关的估计，并根据安装及其年龄内的组件和连接数量（认为是泄漏的主要来源）计算出的损失。但是，该方法使用与年龄相关的量表因子，如果在1988年之前构建安装时，它将变得适用。所有这些方法必然假定存在一组常见的标准因素，或者安装可以使用其自身的因素来使用堆栈监控，这些因素通常适用于所有海上石油和天然气运营公司及其装置。由于后勤，健康和安全和成本问题，海上直接测量或监测排放量受到限制。因此，它仅限于主要燃烧源，例如燃气轮机。对于大多数来源，基于活动数据，例如使用燃料消耗数据或使用标准或安装特定排放因子（使用测量或估计的通风量）或使用行业标准估算逃亡损失的标准排放因子，计算出排放。 These methodologies carry a substantial risk that significant emissions may be missed, and any additional monitoring tool is of considerable interest to the industry, the regulator and the body responsible for compiling UK atmospheric emissions data.Techniques developed by NCAS for monitoring gas plumes during the Elgin gas release, have demonstrated that airborne monitoring, coupled with innovative atmospheric modelling, can comprehensively survey large areas and many individual installations within hours (800海里在1个高度上覆盖了4小时）。这种排放评估的方法估计，从下风羽流的各种气体的抬高计算出的总排放载荷。这种方法有可能向监管机构Beis提供验证排放水平的新工具，并有可能提供一种监视方法，该方法是行业较低的成本，而不是常规的堆栈监控调查，并且与影响评估更相关。该项目将与Beis和Ricardo一起工作，以证明空降方法如何帮助现有的监管方法，提供支持改进的排放估计的数据，并使Beis相信操作员在其许可证和EEM报告中报告了操作员的明智估计。

项目成果

A top-down approach for quantifying methane and speciated VOC emissions from North Sea oil and gas facilities

用于量化北海石油和天然气设施的甲烷和特定挥发性有机化合物排放的自上而下的方法

• DOI: 10.5194/egusphere-egu2020-20416
• 发表时间: 2020
• 作者: Wilde S

Speciation of VOC emissions related to offshore North Sea oil and gas production

• DOI: 10.5194/acp-2020-1099
• 发表时间: 2020-10
• 期刊: Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics
• 影响因子: 6.3
• 作者: S. Wilde;P. Dominutti;G. Allen;S. Andrews;Prudence Bateson;S. Bauguitte;R. Burton;Ioana Colfescu;J. France;J. Hopkins;La-mei Huang;A. Jones;T. Lachlan-Cope;James D. Lee;A. Lewis;S. Mobbs;Alexandra Weiss;S. Young;R. Purvis

Flow rate and source reservoir identification from airborne chemical sampling of the uncontrolled Elgin platform gas release

• DOI: 10.5194/amt-11-1725-2018
• 发表时间: 2018-03-27
• 期刊: ATMOSPHERIC MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES
• 影响因子: 3.8
• 作者: Lee, James D.;Mobbs, Stephen D.;Ryerson, Thomas B.
• 通讯作者: Ryerson, Thomas B.