Towards a UK Airborne Bioaerosol Climatology

迈向英国空气生物气溶胶气候学

• 批准号: NE/S002049/1
• 负责人: Martin Gallagher
• 金额: $ 76.86万
• 依托单位: University of Manchester
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2018
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2018 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=NE%2FS002049%2F1
• 关键词: Towards; UK; Airborne; Bioaerosol; Climatology

Primary biological aerosols (PBA), or bioaerosols, are a poorly understood component of organic carbonaceous aerosols (OC), contributing a significant fraction to airborne particulate matter (PM) and comprising mixtures of many thousands of organic compounds. PBA include live or dead cells and cell fragments, fungal spores and pollens, and plant, insect and animal fragments. They have a major influence on the physico-chemical, biological, health and even climate related behaviour of atmospheric aerosols and chemical processes. The detection, characterization and classification of these aerosols and their descriptions in atmospheric transport models has remained a major challenge to the science community. Indeed the US national Academies of Science concluded that "The overall understanding of their impacts on atmospheric composition, climate, and human health remains weak." (NAS, 2016). Global and regional bioaerosol (PBA) emission and transport modelling studies have demonstrated very large uncertainties and thus provide limited understanding of these important atmospheric constituents. This is primarily due to a lack lack of observational data on their fluxes and airborne concentrations for many different ecosystems. Important, as yet unanswered, questions raised recently include: the relative importance of continuous versus intermittent emission and transport of PBA to ambient concentrations and subsequent impacts; whether PBA significantly influence cloud and precipitation processes via the "bioprecipitation" hypothesis; the degree to which they can reproduce via atmospheric ecosystem niches from the tropics to the poles; and whether they can influence chemical processes through degradation of organic compounds. All recent studies and reviews have similarly concluded that in order to start to address the many and growing challenges associated with PBA we need to acquire a better knowledge of their atmospheric concentrations and distributions and in particular knowledge of their vertical concentration profiles. The most recent in depth review of PBA, Fröhlich-Nowoisky et al. (2016), concluded that "major challenges include the quantitative characterization of exchange between surface, planetary boundary layer, and free troposphere. For this purpose, ground based measurements have to be combined with tall tower and aircraft measurements... to obtain information on the vertical and horizontal distribution of bioparticles." We aim to do just this, delivering new data sets to enable emissions modelling for the UK environment. We will use existing measurement facilities on the NERC FAAM aircraft together with surface measurements to deliver vertical and horizontal PBA concentration profiles over UK regions including urban, rural-cropland, grassland, forest & coastal. We will use aircraft bioaerosol sampling methodologies recently developed in the US together with real-time bioaerosol instruments. These data will provide the first such information on UK boundary layer concentration profiles of bioaerosol for over 50 years. High quality UK airborne data sets suitable for constraining & testing UK bio-emissions models for the first time.Our new vertically & horizontally resolved PBA-climate database will support a raft of scientific research and policy applications well beyond the timescale of the project. In situ PBA concentrations will be correlated with airborne meteorological, trace gas and other aerosol composition data, for air mass classification, using tools developed for the FAAM aircraft over many years for source tracking & identification. This will allow us to deliver quality controlled, assimilation-ready case studies able to constrain a wide range of potential PBA emissions models. We will also conduct laboratory experiments to deliver UK specific bioaerosol reference data sets designed to improve interpretation of current and future PBA field data collected using real-time UVLIF bioaerosol instruments.

初级生物气溶胶 (PBA) 或生物气溶胶是有机碳质气溶胶 (OC) 的一种人们知之甚少的成分，它在空气颗粒物 (PM) 中占很大一部分，并且包含数千种有机化合物的混合物。 PBA 包括活的或死的细胞和细胞碎片、真菌孢子和花粉以及植物、昆虫和动物碎片。它们对大气气溶胶和化学过程的物理化学、生物、健康甚至气候相关行为具有重大影响。这些气溶胶的检测、表征和分类及其在大气传输模型中的描述仍然是科学界面临的重大挑战。事实上，美国国家科学院得出的结论是：“对其对大气成分、气候和人类健康影响的总体了解仍然薄弱。” （美国国家航空航天局，2016）。全球和区域生物气溶胶（PBA）排放和传输模型研究表明存在很大的不确定性，因此对这些重要大气成分的了解有限。这主要是由于缺乏许多不同生态系统的通量和空气浓度的观测数据。最近提出的重要但尚未得到解答的问题包括：PBA 的连续排放和间歇排放和迁移对环境浓度和后续影响的相对重要性； PBA是否通过“生物沉淀”假说显着影响云和降水过程；它们通过从热带到两极的大气生态系统生态位繁殖的程度；以及它们是否可以通过有机化合物的降解来影响化学过程。所有最近的研究和评论都得出类似的结论，为了开始解决与 PBA 相关的许多且日益增长的挑战，我们需要更好地了解其大气浓度和分布，特别是其垂直浓度分布。 Fröhlich-Nowoisky 等人对 PBA 的最新深入评论。 (2016) 得出的结论是“主要挑战包括表面、行星边界层和自由对流层之间交换的定量表征。为此，地面测量必须与高塔和飞机测量相结合……以获得生物颗粒垂直和水平分布的信息。”我们的目标就是做到这一点，提供新的数据集以实现英国环境的排放建模。我们将使用 NERC FAAM 飞机上的现有测量设施以及表面测量来提供英国地区（包括城市、农村农田、草原、森林和沿海地区）的垂直和水平 PBA 浓度剖面。我们将使用美国最近开发的飞机生物气溶胶采样方法以及实时生物气溶胶仪器。这些数据将首次提供 50 多年来英国边界层生物气溶胶浓度分布的此类信息。高质量的英国机载数据集首次适用于约束和测试英国生物排放模型。我们新的垂直和水平解析的 PBA 气候数据库将支持远远超出项目时间范围的大量科学研究和政策应用。现场 PBA 浓度将与机载气象、痕量气体和其他气溶胶成分数据相关联，以进行气团分类，并使用多年来为 FAAM 飞机开发的工具进行源跟踪和识别。这将使我们能够提供质量受控、同化就绪的案例研究，能够限制各种潜在的 PBA 排放模型。我们还将进行实验室实验，提供英国特定的生物气溶胶参考数据集，旨在改进对使用实时 UVLIF 生物气溶胶仪器收集的当前和未来 PBA 现场数据的解释。

项目成果

Airborne Prokaryotic, Fungal and Eukaryotic Communities of an Urban Environment in the UK

• DOI: 10.3390/atmos13081212
• 发表时间: 2022-08
• 期刊: Atmosphere
• 影响因子: 2.9
• 作者: Hokyung Song;N. Marsden;J. Lloyd;C. Robinson;C. Boothman;I. Crawford;M. Gallagher;H. Coe;Grant Allen;M. Flynn

Quantifying Bioaerosol Concentrations in Dust Clouds through Online UV-LIF and Mass Spectrometry Measurements at the Cape Verde Atmospheric Observatory

通过佛得角大气观测站的在线 UV-LIF 和质谱测量量化尘云中的生物气溶胶浓度

• DOI: 10.5194/acp-2020-157
• 发表时间: 2020
• 作者: Morrison D

Intercomparison of Multiple UV-LIF Spectrometers Using the Aerosol Challenge Simulator

• DOI: 10.3390/atmos10120797
• 发表时间: 2019-12-01
• 期刊: ATMOSPHERE
• 影响因子: 2.9
• 作者: Forde, Elizabeth;Gallagher, Martin;Topping, David
• 通讯作者: Topping, David

Detection of Airborne Biological Particles in Indoor Air Using a Real-Time Advanced Morphological Parameter UV-LIF Spectrometer and Gradient Boosting Ensemble Decision Tree Classifiers

• DOI: 10.3390/atmos11101039
• 发表时间: 2020-10-01
• 期刊: ATMOSPHERE
• 影响因子: 2.9
• 作者: Crawford, Ian;Topping, David;Kaye, Paul
• 通讯作者: Kaye, Paul

Towards a UK Airborne Bioaerosol Climatology: Real-Time Monitoring Strategies for High Time Resolution Bioaerosol Classification and Quantification

• DOI: 10.3390/atmos14081214
• 发表时间: 2023-07
• 期刊: Atmosphere
• 影响因子: 2.9
• 作者: I. Crawford;K. Bower;D. Topping;S. Di Piazza;Dario Massabò;V. Vernocchi;M. Gallagher