Safeguarding Pollination Services in a Changing World: theory into practice (SURPASS2)

昆虫传粉者在世界各地都经历了下降，这是集约化农业，栖息地丧失，气候变化和入侵物种等因素的结果。这是拉丁美洲（LATAM）的一个主要关切，它威胁到经济上重要的作物和更广泛的生物多样性。对这些损失在拉丁美洲的影响仍然知之甚少，削弱了制定政策的能力，这些政策对减轻传粉媒介的损失和支持农业生产和更广泛的生态系统健康至关重要。需要建立一个新的、连贯的证据基础，考虑到对个别物种的影响、它们的分布和种群、它们持续存在的景观以及它们为不同作物授粉的独特能力。没有这一点，就不可能开发出政策制定者实现可持续农业经济所需的应用实验和建模解决方案。该提案建立在牛顿第一阶段项目SURPASS的基础上，该项目是37名参与者之间的国际合作，确定了优先保护和可持续利用拉丁美洲传粉者的知识差距，问题和研究领域。SURPASS 2的目标是提供证据，为可持续经济增长，改善人类健康和福祉以及积极的环境和农业成果创造弹性授粉服务。这将通过与学术界和利益攸关方共同设计的五个主要目标来解决，这些目标建立了相互关联的工作包，以建设管理授粉服务的能力并提供切实成果。我们的目标将通过4个工作包来实现：WP 1）监测种群并了解它们的分布：在开发任何有效的解决方案来管理LATAM传粉者之前，我们必须了解物种的当前分布，并开发和试验长期监测的方法。只有了解传粉者在哪里，我们才能开发出管理它们的应用解决方案。我们将设计一个标准化的框架，通过现有的和新的监测计划，包括公民科学，评估传粉者种群的状况和趋势。授粉者生活的环境如何影响它们，以及这如何影响作物授粉的能力：土地利用变化和土地管理是影响授粉者种群的基本因素。我们将在拉丁美洲进行详细的景观规模实验，重点是生产具有经济意义的作物，以了解景观管理如何影响授粉者及其提供的授粉服务。这将为模型提供数据，并帮助种植者、土地管理者和政策制定者优化授粉，以可持续地提高作物产量和质量。我们还将量化传粉昆虫的入侵物种对野生和本地昆虫传粉昆虫和植物的影响。WP 3）了解国家范围内关键作物授粉的不足，确定授粉服务处于高风险的地区。利用最先进的卫星图像，我们将在全国范围内绘制关键昆虫授粉作物的分布图。我们将把这些数据与昆虫传粉者群落的分布联系起来，以评估这些种群是否提供了足够的授粉，并对这些群落对物种损失的适应能力进行建模。由于每种昆虫传粉者都是独特的，它们的损失可能对农业生产产生巨大的影响。WP 4）制定一个全国范围的预测框架，以支持最大限度地提高授粉所提供的农业生产力效益的政策目标。这将整合WP 1 -3的结果，以模拟传粉者群落，为受益于昆虫授粉的不同利益相关者制定有效的决策策略。这将提供一个框架，与利益相关者合作，制定一个路线图，最大限度地提高授粉服务和长期监测在拉丁美洲。

Insect pollinators have undergone declines across the world, a result of factors including intensive agriculture, habitat loss, climate change and invasive species. This represents a major concern in Latin America (LATAM) where it threatens economically important crops and wider biodiversity. The impact of these losses in LATAM remains poorly understood, undermining the capacity to develop policies vital to mitigate pollinator losses and support both agricultural production and wider ecosystem health. A new, coherent evidence base is required, that considers impacts on individual species, their distributions and populations, the landscapes they persist in and their unique capacities to deliver pollination to different crops. Without this it will not be possible to develop the applied experimental and modelling solutions policy makers need to deliver sustainable farming economies. This proposal builds on Newton Phase 1 project SURPASS, an international collaboration between 37 participants, that identified knowledge gaps, issues, and research areas that prioritise conservation and sustainable use of LATAM pollinators. The SURPASS2 goal is to deliver evidence for the creation of resilient pollination services for sustainable economic growth, improved human health and wellbeing as well as positive environmental and agricultural outcomes. This will be addressed by five main objectives, co-designed with academics and stakeholders that establish interconnected work packages that build capacity to manage pollination services and provide tangible outcomes. Our goals will be delivered through 4 work packages: WP1) Monitoring populations and understanding their distributions: before any effective solution can be developed to manage LATAM pollinators it is crucial that we understand the current distribution of species and develop and trial approaches for long term monitoring. Only by understanding where pollinators can be found can we develop applied solutions to manage them. We will design a standardised framework to assess the status and trends of pollinator populations through existing and new monitoring schemes, including citizen science. WP2) How does the environment in which pollinators live affect them, and how does this affect capacity to provide crop pollination: Land use change and land management represent fundamental factors affecting pollinator populations. We will undertake detailed landscape scale experiments across LATAM focusing on production of economically significant crops to understand how landscape management affects pollinators and the pollination services they supply. This will provide data for models and help growers, land managers and policy makers to optimise pollination to sustainably increase crop yields and quality. We will also quantify how invasive species of pollinators impact on wild and native insect pollinators and plants. WP3) Understanding national scale deficits in pollination for key crops identifying areas where pollination services are at high risk. Using cutting edge satellite imagery we will map nationally the occurrence of key insect pollinated crops. We will link this data to the distribution of insect pollinator communities to assess if these populations provide adequate pollination, as well as modelling how resilient these communities are to species losses. As each species of insect pollinator is unique their loss can have potentially huge consequences for agricultural production. WP4) Develop a national scale predictive framework to support policy goals of maximising benefits for agricultural productivity provided by pollination. This will integrate results from WP1-3 to model pollinator communities to develop effective strategies for decision making processes for different stakeholders that benefit from insect pollination. This will provide the framework to work with stakeholders to produce a roadmap for maximising pollination services and long term monitoring in LATAM.