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Climate Resilience of Care Settings

护理机构的气候适应能力

基本信息

批准号：
NE/S016767/1
负责人：
Michael Davies
金额：
$ 32.1万
依托单位：
University College London
依托单位国家：
英国
项目类别：
Research Grant
财政年份：
2019
资助国家：
英国
起止时间：
2019 至无数据
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=NE%2FS016767%2F1
关键词：
Climate Resilience Care Settings

项目摘要

As a result of global climate change, the UK is expected to experience hotter and drier summers and heatwaves are expected to occur with greater frequency, intensity and duration. According to recent climate change projections by the MetOffice, increases in mean daily temperatures could be up to 5.4 deg. C during the summer months and 4.2 deg. C during winter by 2070 under a High emissions scenario. In 2003, 2,091 heat-related deaths were reported in the UK alone as a result of the European heatwave, meaning future temperature increases could lead to a parallel rise in heat-related mortality. The UK also currently has a rapidly growing number of old people, with people aged 75 or over expected to account for 13% of the total population by 2035, compared with 8% in 2012. Older populations are more vulnerable to climate-induced effects as they are more likely to have underlying, chronic health complications, making them more vulnerable to heat stress. The 2003 heatwave demonstrated that older people in care settings are at the highest risk of heat-related mortality.People aged over 65 years spend more than 80% of their time in residential environments or care settings, and people aged over 85 years more than 90%. Therefore, the indoor environment is a huge moderator of heat exposure in older populations: Poor building design and the lack of effective heat management in care settings may contribute to increased indoor heat exposure with detrimental health impacts falling on the most vulnerable residents. Care facilities function as both a home for residents and a workplace for staff, meaning that the people sharing those spaces can have diverging needs and preferences making overheating prevention measures difficult to enforce. Interactions between staff and residents play an important role in preventing overheating in care settings and it has previously been noted that staff are often made to prioritise warmth due to wide recognition of the detrimental effect cold weather can have on old-age health, leading to overheating risks being overlooked.Understanding factors that contribute to indoor summertime overheating in care homes is crucial in developing methods to prevent overheating and the subsequent negative health impacts. Previous research by the applicants has indicated that care facilities are already overheating even under non-extreme summers, highlighting the need to develop timely prevention measures given the way temperatures are expected to rise in the UK over the next century. A key target for climate adaptation in care settings is to limit such risks by introducing passive cooling strategies via building design and occupant behaviour. Development of passive cooling strategies will reduce the likelihood of uptake of mechanical cooling, which would undermine government efforts to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Therefore, the principal aim of the project is to undertake preliminary work to develop methods that will support a system of care provision in the UK that is adequately prepared for rising heat stress under climate change. The project will undertake pilot work in five care settings in the UK to monitor the thermal environment and conduct surveys with residents, frontline care staff and care home managers. Within these buildings, it will test novel approaches for understanding the comfort levels of the residents and relating this to the thermal environment. It will also test novel measurement techniques for assessing impact of heat on the health of the residents. Via detailed modelling work, it will then test methods to assess future overheating risks and to evaluate the effectiveness of overheating mitigation strategies. Throughout the project the work will bring together multidisciplinary research perspectives with those of care home practitioners and other stakeholders. Via these packages of work, plans for the large-scale project that is so urgently needed in this area will be developed.

由于全球气候变化，英国预计将经历更炎热和更干燥的夏季，热浪预计将以更高的频率、强度和持续时间发生。根据气象局最近的气候变化预测，平均每日气温可能上升5.4摄氏度。C在夏季月份和4.2℃。C在高排放的情况下，到2070年冬季。2003年，据报道，仅在英国就有2,091人因欧洲热浪而死亡，这意味着未来气温的上升可能会导致与高温有关的死亡率平行上升。英国目前的老年人数量也在迅速增加，预计到2035年，75岁或以上的老年人将占总人口的13%，而2012年这一比例为8%。老年人口更容易受到气候诱导的影响，因为他们更有可能出现潜在的慢性健康并发症，使他们更容易受到热应激的影响。2003年的热浪表明，在护理环境中的老年人与高温相关的死亡风险最高。65岁以上的人将80%以上的时间花在居住环境或护理环境中，而85岁以上的人则超过90%。因此，室内环境对老年人的热暴露是一个巨大的缓和因素：糟糕的建筑设计和护理环境中缺乏有效的热管理可能会导致室内热暴露增加，对最脆弱的居民造成有害的健康影响。护理设施既是居民的家，也是工作人员的工作场所，这意味着共享这些空间的人可能有不同的需求和偏好，使得防止过热的措施难以执行。工作人员和居民之间的互动在防止养老院过热方面发挥着重要作用，之前有人指出，由于广泛认识到寒冷天气对老年人健康的有害影响，导致过热风险被忽视，工作人员经常被优先考虑温暖。了解导致养老院室内夏季过热的因素对于制定防止过热和随后的负面健康影响的方法至关重要。申请者之前的研究表明，即使在非极端的夏季，护理设施也已经过热，这突显出考虑到英国下个世纪气温预计将上升的方式，有必要制定及时的预防措施。护理环境中气候适应的一个关键目标是通过建筑设计和居住者行为引入被动降温策略来限制此类风险。发展被动冷却战略将降低采用机械冷却的可能性，这将破坏政府减少温室气体排放的努力。因此，该项目的主要目标是开展初步工作，以制定方法，支持英国的护理制度，为应对气候变化下不断上升的高温压力做好充分准备。该项目将在英国的五个护理场所进行试点工作，以监测热环境，并对居民、一线护理人员和疗养院经理进行调查。在这些建筑中，它将测试新的方法，以了解居民的舒适度，并将其与热环境联系起来。它还将测试新的测量技术，以评估高温对居民健康的影响。通过详细的建模工作，它将测试评估未来过热风险的方法，并评估过热缓解战略的有效性。在整个项目中，这项工作将把多学科的研究视角与护理之家从业者和其他利益攸关方结合在一起。通过这些一揽子工作，将为这一地区迫切需要的大型项目制定计划。