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Coastal resilience in the face of sea-level rise: making the most of natural systems

面对海平面上升的沿海恢复力：充分利用自然系统

基本信息

批准号：
NE/S016651/1
负责人：
Robert Nicholls
金额：
$ 32.11万
依托单位：
University of Southampton
依托单位国家：
英国
项目类别：
Research Grant
财政年份：
2019
资助国家：
英国
起止时间：
2019 至无数据
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=NE%2FS016651%2F1
关键词：
Coastal resilience face sea level

项目摘要

Sea-level rise is one of the most profound aspects of human-induced climate change and its steady but uncertain rate of rise will transform the world's coasts in the coming decades threatening millions of coastal and flood plain residents. While this is understood in a technical sense, wider society has not grasped the scale of change produced by expected rise in sea level over the next century. In the UK, with its large legacy of coastal defences, this issue is especially challenging. Many defences are uneconomic to maintain and renew, and widespread 'realignment' is planned within the strategic process of Shoreline Management Planning (SMP). Realignments reactivate natural sediment processes which enhances self-adjusting natural protection with both risk-reduction and aesthetic benefits. However, the transformation from a defended to a realigned coast is especially challenging to implement and will be an important focus of this research. There has been surprisingly little consideration of how the transition to a realigned coast can be facilitated and enabled across the full range of physical and social perspectives. Efforts to better understand the full range of adaptation options and their implementation, including realignment, offer potentially significant rewards in terms of tangible enhancement of coastal resilience. CoastalRes aims to develop and demonstrate prototype methods to assess realistic pathways for strategic coastal erosion and flood resilience in the light of climate change, including sea-level rise. We will accomplish this aim via three objectives. Objective 1. Co-produce a comprehensive set of representative coastal archetypes that describe the open and estuarine coasts of England and Wales in terms relevant to building coastal resilience, including present and future demography, hazards, sea-level rise, contrasting geomorphology, shoreline position, land use patterns and management legacy. This will include early and fully participatory engagement with stakeholders to consider their knowledge and experiences and define the full range of archetypes.Objective 2. Identify and evaluate a comprehensive range of strategic high level adaptation options, considering their physical suitability, economic efficiency, social acceptability and pathways of application (potential sequence in time) and impact on UK resilience. This will include a systematic literature-based review combined with two regional stakeholder workshops organised with the Coastal Group Network and the Environment Agency.Objective 3. Taking three common and representative coastal archetypes, design decision pathways to maintain and enhance resilience based on the menu of adaptation options. This will include consideration of a range of factors including policy choices, cost implications, risk trade-offs and public participation in problem specification and decision making. These adaptation pathways for resilience will be validated with representative real sites.The use of coastal archetypes for the analysis, rather than case studies, is novel and allows generalisation from individual cases to develop generic and transferable guidance. Crucially, our analysis considers all the open coasts and estuaries in England and Wales, as estuaries contain a large proportion of the assets and activities exposed to marine flooding.In contrast to previous work, which has tended to rely on consultation and 'outreach' to stakeholders, our research will have a genuinely participatory approach. This will allow us to achieve a consensus understanding with a large and diverse group of relevant Project Partners, including the key organisations the Environment Agency and Maritime District Authorities.The CoastalRes Project will provide a solid demonstration of a transition to a more balanced, resilient and sustainable portfolio of adaptive options on the UK coast and provide a foundation for further research in this area.

海平面上升是人类引起的气候变化最深刻的方面之一，其稳定但不确定的上升速度将在未来几十年改变世界沿海地区，威胁到数百万沿海和洪泛平原的居民。虽然这在技术意义上是可以理解的，但更广泛的社会还没有领会到下个世纪海平面预期上升所带来的变化规模。在拥有大量海岸防御遗产的英国，这个问题尤其具有挑战性。许多防御工事的维护和更新是不经济的，在海岸线管理规划（SMP）的战略过程中规划了广泛的“重新调整”。重新调整激活自然沉积物过程，增强自我调节自然保护，降低风险和美学效益。然而，从防御海岸到重组海岸的转变尤其具有挑战性，这将是本研究的一个重要焦点。令人惊讶的是，很少有人考虑如何在物理和社会的各个方面促进和实现向重新排列的海岸的过渡。更好地了解各种适应方案及其实施（包括重新调整）的努力，在切实增强沿海恢复力方面可能会带来重大回报。CoastalRes旨在开发和演示原型方法，以评估气候变化（包括海平面上升）下战略性海岸侵蚀和洪水恢复能力的现实途径。我们将通过三个目标来实现这一目标。目的1。共同制作一套全面的代表性海岸原型，描述英格兰和威尔士的开放海岸和河口海岸，包括目前和未来的人口、灾害、海平面上升、对比地貌、海岸线位置、土地利用模式和管理遗产。这将包括与利益相关者进行早期和充分的参与性接触，以考虑他们的知识和经验，并定义所有类型的原型。目标2。确定和评估全面的战略高水平适应方案，考虑它们的物理适用性、经济效率、社会可接受性和应用途径（潜在的时间顺序）以及对英国复原力的影响。这将包括一个系统的基于文献的审查，结合与沿海集团网络和环境局组织的两个区域利益相关者研讨会。目标3。以三种常见和具有代表性的沿海原型为例，根据适应选项菜单设计决策路径，以维持和增强韧性。这将包括考虑一系列因素，包括政策选择、成本影响、风险权衡和公众参与问题说明和决策。这些适应弹性的途径将通过具有代表性的真实站点进行验证。使用沿海原型进行分析，而不是个案研究，这是一种新颖的方法，可以从个别案例中进行概括，从而形成一般和可转让的指导。至关重要的是，我们的分析考虑了英格兰和威尔士所有开放的海岸和河口，因为河口包含了很大一部分暴露在海洋洪水中的资产和活动。与以前的工作相反，以前的工作往往依赖于咨询和“外联”利益相关者，我们的研究将采用真正的参与式方法。这将使我们能够与大量不同的相关项目合作伙伴达成共识，包括环境署和海事区当局的主要组织。海岸保护区项目将为英国海岸向更平衡、更有弹性和更可持续的适应性选择组合过渡提供坚实的示范，并为该领域的进一步研究奠定基础。