Recurrent adaptation to industrial pollution: ancestral diversity and ecological succession

对工业污染的反复适应：祖先多样性和生态演替

• 批准号: NE/T000597/1
• 负责人: Ilik Saccheri
• 金额: $ 82.5万
• 依托单位: University of Liverpool
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2019
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2019 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=NE%2FT000597%2F1
• 关键词: Recurrent; adaptation; industrial; pollution; ancestral

Natural populations adapt to novel environments via phenotypic variation that has its origins either in contemporary mutation events or in pre-existing ancestral variation, or both. Understanding the significance of these modes of evolution in real ecological settings is central to predicting the speed of adaptation to novel challenges, and thus to informed population management intervention in the face of environmental change - but we lack suitable empirical studies. Industrial melanism in the peppered moth (Biston betularia) has emerged as a top candidate for such a study. In Britain, the black (carbonaria) form is due to a singular recent mutation, whereas in continental Europe, preliminary data suggests a surprising diversity of mutations, some of which may be adapted to a pre-industrial and pre-agricultural, forest-dominated landscape. Thus, the celebrated British case may not be generally representative of the evolutionary origins of industrial melanism across the species' range. Natural heterogeneity in resting backgrounds, associated with successional turnover and extensive mature forests, may be the unrecognised factor maintaining the striking diversity of melanic forms in this species. By revealing the identity of the mutations causing melanism in continental European populations, estimating their age, and evaluating non-industrial environmental factors maintaining melanism, this project will resolve a major puzzle in this influential evolutionary biology case study, whilst at the same time providing a novel illustration of how the interplay between genomic architecture, ecology, and geographic isolation influences mechanisms of evolution.

自然种群通过表型变异来适应新的环境，表型变异的起源要么是当代的突变事件，要么是预先存在的祖先变异，或者两者兼而有之。理解这些进化模式在真实的生态环境中的重要性，对于预测适应新挑战的速度至关重要，因此对于面对环境变化的知情人口管理干预至关重要--但我们缺乏适当的实证研究。胡椒蛾的工业黑变现象已成为此类研究的首选。在英国，黑色（carbonaria）形式是由于最近的一次突变，而在欧洲大陆，初步数据表明突变的多样性令人惊讶，其中一些可能适应于前工业和前农业，森林占主导地位的景观。因此，著名的英国案例可能并不能代表整个物种范围内工业黑化的进化起源。休息的背景，与演替营业额和广泛的成熟森林的自然异质性，可能是未被认可的因素，保持显着的多样性，在这个物种中的黑素形式。通过揭示欧洲大陆人群中引起黑化的突变的身份，估计他们的年龄，并评估维持黑化的非工业环境因素，该项目将解决这个有影响力的进化生物学案例研究中的一个主要难题，同时提供一个新的例子说明基因组结构，生态和地理隔离之间的相互作用如何影响进化机制。