Southern Ocean Clouds

如果我们想要改善气候预测，了解驱动气候系统的关键过程和减少气候敏感性的不确定性至关重要。南大洋是一个在短波和长波通量以及地表温度的表示上存在较大偏差的地区——据认为，在微观和宏观尺度上对云的不准确表示是造成这些误差的原因。本提案将在各种时空尺度上使用一种新颖的多尺度、多平台方法，这将提高对气候模式偏差最大地区（即南大洋和南极洲周围沿海地区）气溶胶和云微物理的理解，从而在气候模式中更好地代表这些过程。观测将在南极和亚南极的陆地站点进行，并在一个季节内多次穿越南大洋的BAS船上进行测量，并使用BAS的仪器飞机进行观测。观测的目的是确定作为云形成核的气溶胶的成分和来源。这些信息将用于改进数值模式中云的表示。

Understanding the key processes driving the climate system and reducing the uncertainties in climate sensitivity is crucial if we want to improve climate projections. The Southern Ocean is an area where there are large biases in the representation of short and long wave fluxes and in the surface temperture - it is thought that poor representation of clouds, both at the micro- and at the macro-scale, is responsible for these errors. This proposal will use a novel multi-scale, multi-platform approach over a variety of temporal and spatial scales that will improve understanding of aerosol and cloud microphysicsmicrophysics over regions with maximum climate model bias, namely both the Southern Ocean and coastal areas around Antarctica, leading to better representation of these processes in climate models.Observations will be made at land stations in the Antarctic and Sub Antarctic as well measurements on the BAS ship that crosses Southern Ocean many times in the course of a season and observations using BAS's instrumented aircraft. The aim of the observations is to identify the compostions and source of the aerosols that act as cloud forming nuclei. This information will be used to improve the representation of clouds in numerical models.