Lost at Sea - where are all the tyre particles? (TYRE-LOSS)

迷失在海上 - 所有轮胎颗粒都在哪里？

• 批准号: NE/V00185X/1
• 负责人: Richard Thompson
• 金额: $ 58万
• 依托单位: Plymouth University
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2021
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2021 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=NE%2FV00185X%2F1
• 关键词: Lost; Sea; where; tyre; particles

In the UK 330 billion road miles are driven every year, generating particles of synthetic rubber as a consequence of friction between the tyre and the road surface. It has been estimated that tyre wear could account for 65% (18,000 tonnes annually) of all microplastics released to UK surface waters. However, these estimates are in stark disagreement with environmental data where polyethylene, polypropylene, polystyrene and PET are the main types of microplastics and on a global scale only around 1% of studies report finding any tyre particles at all. This contradiction is concerning because tyres contain a range of potentially hazardous chemicals which have been shown to cause harm to marine life. Tyre particles are challenging to identify from environmental samples and this might explain the discrepancies between modelling estimates and actual field sampling. In this proposal, we will use an approach that has been recently trialled by the team and has shown that very substantial quantities of tyre particles are indeed entering the sea via storm water, waste water and from airborne dust. This project will measure tyre particle concentrations at their points of entry to the marine environment and then describe their subsequent transport in the water column. We will measure concentrations in the water, sediment and marine life at increasing distances from the places where these particles enter the sea and construct and validate mathematical models to describe the dispersal of tyre particles in inshore waters. This information will then be used establish the potential for any associated risks to marine life at environmentally relevant concentrations. The proposal brings together the Universities of Plymouth, Exeter and Newcastle, together with Plymouth Marine Laboratory and an Advisory Group comprising 14 organisations including policy makers, tyre, automobile, plastics and water industries as well as academia and environmental charities (see letters of support). Our research team includes world-leading experts in microplastics, marine litter, environmental chemistry, coastal dynamics and ecotoxicology who have pioneered the field with numerous collaborative projects, jointly authored papers and awards for their work. Their previous research has had significant, broad impact influencing policy and industry on a global scale to help reduce plastic contamination in the environment. There has been considerable media attention on plastic pollution in recent years and this has translated into an urgent call for action by the public, policy makers and industry. However, current understanding of the most appropriate actions is less clear and reliable information on the relative importance and associated risks from various sources of microplastic, including tyre particles, is lacking. The outcomes of this research are therefore of critical importance to guide policy and industry intervention. The number of road vehicles is set to double by 2050 leading to increased particle emissions; however, there are interventions that could reduce the rate of tyre particle generation, hence the proposed research is both urgent and timely.The outcomes of this project will be widely disseminated via a dedicated Work Package on communication and impact, facilitated by an Impact Champion and the Advisory Group that has been specifically assembled for the project.

在英国，由于轮胎和路面之间的摩擦，每年行驶3300亿英里的道路会产生合成橡胶颗粒。据估计，轮胎磨损可能占排放到英国地表水域的所有微塑料的65%(每年18,000吨)。然而，这些估计与环境数据截然不同，在环境数据中，聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯和聚酯是微塑料的主要类型，在全球范围内，只有约1%的研究报告根本没有发现任何轮胎颗粒。这一矛盾令人担忧，因为轮胎中含有一系列已被证明对海洋生物造成伤害的潜在危险化学品。轮胎颗粒很难从环境样本中识别出来，这可能解释了模拟估计与实际现场采样之间的差异。在这项提案中，我们将使用该团队最近试验的一种方法，该方法表明，非常大量的轮胎颗粒确实通过暴雨、废水和空气中的粉尘进入海洋。该项目将测量轮胎颗粒在进入海洋环境的入口点的浓度，然后描述它们随后在水柱中的运输情况。我们将在离这些颗粒进入海洋的地方越来越远的地方测量水、沉积物和海洋生物中的浓度，并建立和验证数学模型来描述轮胎颗粒在近岸水域的扩散。然后，这些信息将被用来确定在与环境有关的集中度对海洋生物造成任何相关风险的可能性。该提案汇集了普利茅斯大学、埃克塞特大学和纽卡斯尔大学，以及普利茅斯海洋实验室和一个由14个组织组成的咨询小组，这些组织包括政策制定者、轮胎、汽车、塑料和水务行业，以及学术界和环境慈善机构(见支持函)。我们的研究团队包括世界领先的微塑料、海洋垃圾、环境化学、海岸动力学和生态毒理学方面的专家，他们通过许多合作项目、共同撰写的论文和工作奖项开创了该领域的先河。他们之前的研究对全球范围内帮助减少环境中塑料污染的政策和行业产生了重大而广泛的影响。近年来，媒体对塑料污染有相当大的关注，这已经转化为公众、政策制定者和行业采取行动的迫切呼吁。然而，目前对最适当的行动的了解不那么清楚和可靠，缺乏关于各种来源的微塑料的相对重要性和相关风险的信息，包括轮胎颗粒。因此，这项研究的结果对于指导政策和行业干预至关重要。到2050年，道路车辆的数量将翻一番，导致颗粒排放增加；然而，有一些干预措施可以降低轮胎颗粒的生成率，因此拟议的研究既紧迫又及时。该项目的结果将通过一个专门的沟通和影响工作包广泛传播，由Impact Champion和为该项目专门组建的咨询小组提供便利。

项目成果

Features of the highway road network that generate or retain tyre wear particles

产生或滞留轮胎磨损颗粒的高速公路路网特征

• DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-32769-1
• 发表时间: 2024
• 期刊: Environmental Science and Pollution Research
• 影响因子: 5.8
• 作者: Parker-Jurd F

Tyre particle exposure affects the health of two key estuarine invertebrates.

轮胎颗粒暴露会影响两种主要河口无脊椎动物的健康。

• DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.120244
• 发表时间: 2022
• 期刊: 1987)
• 作者: Garrard SL

Deep dive into the chronic toxicity of tyre particle mixtures and their leachates.

• DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.133580
• 发表时间: 2024-01
• 期刊: Journal of hazardous materials
• 影响因子: 13.6
• 作者: P. Boisseaux;C. Rauert;Pradeep Dewapriya;Marie-Laure Delignette-Muller;Robyn Barrett;Lee Durndell

Plastics treaty - research must inform action.

塑料条约——研究必须为行动提供依据。

• DOI: 10.1038/d41586-022-02201-0
• 发表时间: 2022
• 期刊: Nature
• 影响因子: 64.8
• 作者: Thompson RC