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GRIP: Global Reef Impact Projections

GRIP：全球珊瑚礁影响预测

基本信息

批准号：
NE/V00865X/1
负责人：
Paul Halloran
金额：
$ 10.31万
依托单位：
UNIVERSITY OF EXETER
依托单位国家：
英国
项目类别：
Research Grant
财政年份：
2020
资助国家：
英国
起止时间：
2020 至无数据
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=NE%2FV00865X%2F1
关键词：
GRIP Global Reef Impact Projections

项目摘要

This project seeks to bring together UK, US and Australian scientists to establish a set of proto-operational tools for predicting and projecting stress on global coral reefs, and deliver a long-term partnership to provide coral reef managers with a step-change in decision-making support.Warm water corals are large colonies of individual organisms, coral polyps, which act as hosts to photosynthesising unicellular organisms known as zooxanthellae. The zooxanthellae and polyp symbiosis are mutually beneficial, with the zooxanthellae providing the polyp with oxygen and nutrients, and the polyps providing physical protection and supplying carbon dioxide from respiration. When stressed, zooxanthellae die or leave the polyp, in turn stressing the polyp, potentially leading to the coral's mortality (Baird and Marshall, 2002). Zooxanthellae are very sensitive to high temperatures, and while different zooxanthellae have different temperature thresholds (Hume et al., 2015), a simple metric known as Degree Heating Weeks has proved to be a very effective way of identifying when corals are likely to bleach (Skirving et al., 2019).For more than 20 years, Coral Reef Watch has utilized remote sensing, modelling and in-situ data to observe, predict and alert its users to coral reef threats worldwide. ~1,000 resource managers, scientists, elected officials, educators, and the public subscribe to Coral Reef Watch's automated satellite coral bleaching alert system. Coral Reef Watch's DHW based alerts allow reef managers to mitigate some of the worse effects of temperature extremes by guiding when they should be making in situ temperature measurements to identify if their reefs are under imminent threat, checking for initial evidence of bleaching, then protecting herbivore populations, protecting water quality and restricting development and recreational use of at-risk areas (https://www.coris.noaa.gov/activities/reef_managers_guide/welcome.html).Coral Reef Watch is made up of a world leading team of remote sensing scientists, biologists and ecologists. Their state-of-the-art tools have been built to take advantage of these expertise. As user requirements become increasingly sophisticated, and baselines shift in response to climate change, there is a need to move beyond what can be directly observed. This project builds a new partnership to bring climate and coastal modelling expertise and approaches into the Coral Reef Watch toolkit.This partnership will collaboratively generate and verify a large set of reduced-complexity coastal model simulations spanning the entirety of the global tropical oceans. These model simulations will provide not only semi-dynamical downscaling or future projections, but also, using state-of-the art atmospheric reanalyses, push back in time and supplement satellite observations with subsurface information. Working together this partnership will develop coral reef stress products based on this data, but will do so by building on the more than 20 years of experience NOAA Coral Reef Watch have in developing and distributing the results from such tools. Finally, this project will identify the optimal pathway for transition these new tools into operationally produced outputs delivered directly into the hands of managers and decision makers.

该项目旨在将英国、美国和澳大利亚的科学家聚集在一起，建立一套用于预测和预测全球珊瑚礁压力的原始操作工具，并建立长期合作伙伴关系，为珊瑚礁管理人员提供决策支持方面的逐步变化。温水珊瑚是个体生物珊瑚虫的大型群体，珊瑚虫是光合作用单细胞生物虫黄藻的宿主。虫黄藻和水螅共生是互惠互利的，虫黄藻为水螅提供氧气和营养，水螅提供物理保护并从呼吸中提供二氧化碳。当受到压力时，虫黄藻死亡或离开水螅，反过来又对水螅施加压力，可能导致珊瑚死亡（Baird和马歇尔，2002年）。虫黄藻对高温非常敏感，而不同的虫黄藻具有不同的温度阈值（Hume等人，2015年），一个简单的度量被称为度加热周已被证明是一个非常有效的方式来确定珊瑚何时可能漂白（Skirving等人，2019). 20多年来，珊瑚礁观察利用遥感、建模和现场数据来观察、预测和提醒其用户注意世界各地的珊瑚礁威胁。大约1,000名资源管理人员、科学家、民选官员、教育工作者和公众订阅了珊瑚礁观察的自动卫星珊瑚漂白警报系统。珊瑚礁观察基于DHW的警报使珊瑚礁管理人员能够减轻极端温度的一些更糟糕的影响，方法是指导他们何时应该进行原位温度测量，以确定珊瑚礁是否受到迫在眉睫的威胁，检查漂白的初步证据，然后保护食草动物种群，保护水质，限制风险区域的开发和娱乐使用（https：//www.coris.noaa.gov/activities/reef_managers_guide/welcome.html）.珊瑚礁观察由世界领先的遥感科学家、生物学家和生态学家组成。他们最先进的工具就是为了利用这些专业知识而构建的。由于用户要求日益复杂，基线也随着气候变化而变化，因此有必要超越可直接观测的范围。该项目建立了一个新的伙伴关系，将气候和沿海建模专门知识和方法纳入珊瑚礁观察工具包，这一伙伴关系将协作生成和验证一套涵盖整个全球热带海洋的大型简化沿海模型模拟。这些模型模拟不仅将提供半动态缩小尺度或未来预测，而且还将利用最先进的大气再分析，及时推回并利用地下信息补充卫星观测。这一伙伴关系将共同努力，根据这些数据开发珊瑚礁压力产品，但将利用诺阿珊瑚礁观察20多年来在开发和分发这些工具的结果方面的经验。最后，本项目将确定最佳途径，将这些新工具转变为直接交付管理人员和决策者手中的业务产出。